Abstract: A polysiloxane polymer having pendant aromatic groups that is useful in increasing the viscosity of carbon dioxide. That polymer can be formed by reacting a polysiloxane containing at least one olefinic group with a phenyldialkylsilane. That polymer can be used in a method for recovering oil from an underground oil-bearing earth formation penetrated by an injection well and a producing well, in which method carbon dioxide is injected into the formation to displace oil towards the producing well from which oil is produced to the surface. The viscosity of the carbon dioxide injected into the formatin is increased at least three-fold by the presence of a sufficient amount of the polymer and a sufficient amount of a cosolvent to form a solution of the polymer in the carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process for producing sulfur foam containing at least 50 weight percent sulfur, which comprises: (a) reacting molten sulfur with an organic protonic acid which is reactive with molten sulfur so as to incorporate the organic acid with sulfur to form a sulfur-organic acid adduct containing protonic acid groups; (b) mixing an organic surfactant agent with the adduct to obtain a mixture of adduct and surfactant agent; and then (c) reacting the mixture with a polyisocyanate to obtain sulfur foam.

Abstract: Detergent active materials which are effective in the absence of phosphate builders comprise ring polysulfonated alkylphenoxy alkylols of the formula: ##STR1## in which R is linear alkyl of 16 to 22 carbon atoms, R" is alkylene of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, X is H or a water-soluble salt-forming cation, and m is an integer of 1 to 10.

Abstract: A process for making a sulfur foam containing at least 50 weight percent sulfur which comprises (a) contacting and reacting molten sulfur with a carboxylic acid which is reactive with the molten sulfur so as to incorporate the acid with the molten sulfur and form a molten sulfur-acid adduct containing carboxylic acid groups; (b) mixing the molten adduct with an alkali earth metal carbonate and a foam stabilizer such as talc or mica to obtain a mixture; and (c) reacting said mixture with phosphoric acid in the absence of any added phosphorus sulfide to obtain the foam. Preferably the molten sulfur is reacted with a plasticizer such as dicyclopentadiene before foaming with phosphoric acid.

Abstract: A process for the production of sulfur foam containing at least 50 weight percent sulfur, which comprises:A. heating sulfur in a first zone to a temperature above about 100.degree. C to obtain molten sulfur and reacting the molten sulfur with an organic protonic acid which is reactive with molten sulfur so as to incorporate the organic acid with sulfur to form a sulfur-organic acid adduct containing unreacted protonic acid groups;B. passing said sulfur adduct in liquid state out of said first zone and into a separate mixer; andC. mixing and reacting in said mixer a polyisocyanate with the unreacted acid groups of said sulfur adduct to thereby, upon removal of the polyisocyanate-acid group reaction product from the mixer, release gas and generate a foam.Preferably the sulfur adduct is formed by reacting sulfur with a plasticizer as well as the acid.

Abstract: New compositions of matter useful as lime soap dispersants comprise the 2-hydrocarbyl-1,4-butanediol disulfates.

Abstract: A sulfur-based aggregate-asphalt composition prepared by a process comprising mixing aggregate with asphalt and a molten sulfur system, wherein the molten sulfur system is made by a method comprising heating a mixture of sulfur and a sulfur plasticizer. Dicyclopentadiene is a preferred material for plasticizing the sulfur. Preferably the sulfur system contains, in addition to the sulfur plasticizer, a fibrous filler such as glass fiber or asbestos, and an inorganic filler such as talc powder.

Abstract: New compositions of matter useful as lime soap dispersants comprise the 2-hydrocarbyl-1,4-butanediol disulfates.

Abstract: A process for producing a sulfur foam which comprises forming a sulfur system containing an aliphatic polysulfide and optionally molten elemental sulfur, contacting and reacting an acid with the sulfur system to obtain a sulfur system-acid adduct, said acid being capable of forming CO.sub.2 or COS upon reaction with an isocyanate or isothiocyanate; and reacting polyisocyanate with the adduct to obtain sulfur foam.Preferably the acids used in the preparation of the sulfur foam are carboxylic acids. The preferred aliphatic polysulfides include the liquid polysulfides derived by the reaction of sodium polysulfide with dichloroethyl ether and dichloroethyl formal.