Abstract: Semen and sperm cell processing and preservation systems, and methods of producing a mammal and methods of producing mammalian embryos are disclosed. The present invention is directed to sperm cell preservation, fertilization, and insemination, maintaining or enhancing sperm quality and addressing one or more sperm cell characteristics, such as viability, motility, functionality, fertilization rates, and pregnancy rates. Further, sperm cell characteristics may be addressed within the context of various collection, handling, separation, storage, transportation, usage, fertilization, or insemination techniques.

Abstract: Semen and sperm cell processing and preservation systems, and methods of producing a mammal and methods of producing mammalian embryos are disclosed. The present invention is directed to sperm cell preservation, fertilization, and insemination, maintaining or enhancing sperm quality and addressing one or more sperm cell characteristics, such as viability, motility, functionality, fertilization rates, and pregnancy rates. Further, sperm cell characteristics may be addressed within the context of various collection, handling, separation, storage, transportation, usage, fertilization, or insemination techniques.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus 2 includes bridge circuitry 14, 16, 18 which serves to translate memory transactions of a first type (AXI) into memory transactions of a second type (PCI Express). The bridge circuitry includes translation circuitry 18 which maps at least some of the bits of attribute data of a memory transaction of the first type to unused bits within the significant bits of an address of the second type, which are unused to represent significant bits of the address of memory transactions of the first type.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus 2 includes bridge circuitry 14, 16, 18 which serves to translate memory transactions of a first type (AXI) into memory transactions of a second type (PCI Express). The bridge circuitry includes translation circuitry 18 which maps at least some of the bits of attribute data of a memory transaction of the first type to unused bits within the significant bits of an address of the second type, which are unused to represent significant bits of the address of memory transactions of the first type.

Abstract: An LED array and a method for controlling such an array is described. The array includes one or more LED-optical sensor pairs in which the optical sensor measures the light output of the associated LED. In some forms of the invention, the optical sensors are provided with filters to attenuate light at a wavelength different to that of the LED associated with that optical sensor. In some forms of the invention, the LED-optical sensor pairs are at least partially shielded from extraneous light. In one form of the invention a plurality of sets of LEDs is provided, each set outputting light having a different frequency and each set being controllable to provide a desired light output.

Abstract: Semen and sperm cell processing and preservation systems, and methods of producing a mammal and methods of producing mammalian embryos are disclosed. The present invention is directed to sperm cell preservation, fertilization, and insemination, maintaining or enhancing sperm quality and addressing one or more sperm cell characteristics, such as viability, motility, functionality, fertilization rates, and pregnancy rates. Further, sperm cell characteristics may be addressed within the context of various collection, handling, separation, storage, transportation, usage, fertilization, or insemination techniques.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for processing sperm cells to accomplish preservation for future use while minimizing the adverse effects of such preservation. Sperm cells may be collected from a male animal and subjected to a first preservation step, including potentially a first cryopreservation step. Preserved sperm may then be revived, including potentially by thawing, and treated by any of various processing steps to mitigate the adverse effects of preservation. Treated sperm may then be subjected to a second preservation step, including potentially a second cryopreservation step, perhaps enabling a delayed use of the sperm at a future time.

Abstract: A light emitting semiconductor device mounted on a heat sink and having a heat pipe located on its upper surface. The heat pipe comprises a sealed cylindrical member of transparent or translucent material having a wick disposed down the side and along the bottom thereof. The heat is partially filled with a liquid which is placed under a partial vacuum to reduce its boiling point. A bundle of optical fibres may be provided within the heat pipe, with the gaps created between the optical fibres providing an efficient capillary action within the heat pipe for transport of vapour to the cool end of the pipe and for transport of condensed coolant to the hot end of the pipe.

Abstract: A cooled light emitting apparatus 1 comprises a light source including a close packed array 2 of light emitting diode device (high intensity LEDs) and a cooling system for cooling the light source. The cooling system comprises a thermoelectric cooling device in the form of a Peltier device 4 connected via a heat spreader 3 to the light source and a heat exchange system 5, 6 for removing heat from the Peltier device 4. The heat exchange system 5,6 uses liquid coolant (or refrigerant) to cool the Peltier device 4. By extracting heat from the LED array 2 at a rate greater than 5 W cm?2 it is possible to maintain the LED array at a temperature of less than ?10 degrees Celsius, and thus emit light having an optical power density of greater than 1 Wcm?2.

Abstract: A contact printing apparatus (100), using a direct-coupled emissive array (20) of individual light emitting pixels (22), forms an image from digital data onto a photosensitive medium (16). The direct-coupled emissive array (20) is fabricated on an optically coupled substrate (25) that provides light-directing elements, such as a lenslet array or fiber optic faceplate (40) for directing light from emitter pixels (22) to print pixel (71) locations on the photosensitive medium (16).

Abstract: Method and device for treatment of skin conditions A method and apparatus for improving the cosmetic appearance of a region of skin 11 affected by Acne Vulgaris, Rosacea or similar skin condition by means of directing light radiation 12 from an illuminating device 1 on to the skin 11. The apparatus 10 comprises a control unit 9 that operates one or more LEDs 7 (light emitting diodes) of the illuminating device 1. Each dose of light radiation 12 lasts for at least 100 ms, during which time the skin 11 receives light energy from the LED(s) 7, which causes a photochemical reaction that stimulates the production of free radicals (singlet oxygen) that react with, and at least partially disable or destroy, bacteria that contribute to the symptoms of the skin condition. The light energy directed on to the skin 11 during any given period of 10 ?s is less than 0.5 Jcm?2, and during any given period of 100 ms is less than 5 Jcm?2. Substantially no beneficial photo-thermal reaction occurs within the skin 11.

Abstract: A method of processing material in which the material is held on the outside periphery of a drum and processing solution is applied at least twice to the sensitized surface of the material as the drum rotates. The total volume of solution applied is less than 300 ml/sqm of material being processed.

Abstract: Semen and sperm cell processing and preservation systems, and methods of producing a mammal and methods of producing mammalian embryos are disclosed. The present invention is directed to sperm cell preservation, fertilization, and insemination, maintaining or enhancing sperm quality and addressing one or more sperm cell characteristics, such as viability, motility, functionality, fertilization rates, and pregnancy rates. Further, sperm cell characteristics may be addressed within the context of various collection, handling, separation, storage, transportation, usage, fertilization, or insemination techniques.

Abstract: A method of washing a process station and/or the material being processed therein uses a series of tanks of wash solution used in a sequential fashion. A first volume of wash solution is used and discarded to waste. Subsequent volumes of solution are transferred after use to the tank from which the previous volume of solution was supplied. The last volume of solution used is taken from a source of clean solution.

Abstract: A photographic silver halide color print material comprising a support and yellow, magenta and cyan dye image forming layer units comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer and at least one dye image-forming coupler which material contains a total silver halide coating weight less than 150 mg/m.sup.2 (as silver) and wherein the grain size (average volume in cubic microns) of the emulsion(s) is less than 1.0 (.mu.m).sup.3 in the yellow image forming unit and less than 0.125 (.mu.m).sup.3 in the magenta image forming unit and wherein each layer unit of the material has a dye image-forming efficiency (E) under conditions of use of above 30 where: ##EQU1## wherein the emulsion(s) of the cyan dye image forming layer unit have a silver coating weight less than 50 mg/m.sup.2, and an average grain size less than 0.064 (.mu.m).sup.