Abstract: A method of producing advanced carbon materials can include providing coal to a processing facility, beneficiating the coal to remove impurities from the coal, processing the beneficiated coal to produce a pitch, and treating the pitch to produce an advanced carbon material such as carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fibers, polymers, biomaterials, or other carbon materials.

Abstract: A method of preparing graphene from coal can include thermally processing raw coal and, after the coal has been at least partially cooled from thermal processing, forming reduced graphene oxide from the coal.

Abstract: A method of producing advanced carbon materials can include providing coal to a processing facility, beneficiating the coal to remove impurities from the coal, processing the beneficiated coal to produce a pitch, and treating the pitch to produce an advanced carbon material such as carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, resins, polymers, biomaterials, or other carbon materials.

Abstract: A method of producing advanced carbon materials can include extracting a coal sample from a location, performing a spectral analysis on the coal sample, determining one or more desired advanced carbon materials based at least in part on spectral analysis, extracting an amount of coal from the location, beneficiating the amount of coal, and processing the beneficiated amount of coal to produce the one or more desired advanced carbon materials from at least some of the amount of coal.

Abstract: A method of producing at least one or more resins is disclosed. The method includes providing an amount of raw coal. The raw coal includes one or more impurities therein. The method also includes beneficiating the amount of raw coal to selectively removing at least a portion of some of the one or more impurities in the raw coal to form beneficiated coal. Additionally, the method includes processing the beneficiated coal to produce an amount of pitch. The method further includes modifying at least some of the pitch to produce the one or more resins. The one or more resins include a selected amount of a remainder of the one or more impurities that were not removed while beneficiating the amount of the raw coal, processing the beneficiated coal, and modifying at least some of the pitch.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biochip microarray, with multiple properties for use in identification of gene- and protein-induction or repression by drugs, the evaluation of efficacy and toxicity of any drug of choice, prediction of efficacy and toxicity of newly-discovered drugs, families of drugs or classes of drugs. Experimental information acquired from the biochip is inputted into a Drug-Gene-Protein-Biology (DGPB) database from which experimental data can be mined and analyzed based on the users preferences. A method for predicting the effect of a test composition for the treatment of a disease also is described. An animal model for the disease is selected. A biochip array for evaluating the effect of the test composition for the treatment of the disease is provided. The test composition is tested in the animal model to obtain a first set of biological markers representative of the effect of the test composition in the animal model.

Abstract: The present invention provides relates to a biochip microarray, with multiple properties for use in identification of gene- and protein-induction or repression by drugs, the evaluation of efficacy and toxicity of any drug of choice, prediction of efficacy and toxicity of newly-discovered drugs, families of drugs or classes of drugs. Experimental information acquired from the biochip is inputted into a Drug-Gene-Protein-Biology (DGPB) database from which experimental data can be mined and analyzed based on the users preferences. A method for predicting the effect of a test composition for the treatment of a disease also is described. An animal model for the diseases selected. A biochip array for evaluating the effect of the test composition for the treatment of the disease is provided. The test composition is tested in the animal model to obtain a first set of biological markers representative of the effect of the test composition in the animal model.

Abstract: Improved methods for obtaining polynucleotides comprising sequences which differ between two populations of DNA or CDNA are provided. Improvements include reduction in the number of amplification cycles, use of a nuclease digestion step prior to amplification, a novel oligonucleotide adapter for the practice of the improved method, and novel methods for selective amplification of the desired unique fragments and selective degradation of fragments containing sequences common to both populations. Fragments of a sample population are amplified using a primer that endows the amplification products with resistance to nuclease degradation. Fragments of a control population are amplified using a primer that targets the amplification products for preferential degradation. Multiple cycles of hybridization, nuclease treatment and amplification are utilized to provide enrichment of fragments unique to the sample population.

Abstract: Improved methods for obtaining polynucleotides comprising sequences which differ between two populations of DNA or cDNA are provided. Improvements include reduction in the number of amplification cycles, use of a nuclease digestion step prior to amplification, a novel oligonucleotide adapter for the practice of the improved method, and novel methods for selective amplification of the desired unique fragments and selective degradation of fragments containing sequences common to both populations. Fragments of a sample population are amplified using a primer that endows the amplification products with resistance to nuclease degradation. Fragments of a control population are amplified using a primer that targets the amplification products for preferential degradation. Multiple cycles of hybridization, nuclease treatment and amplification are utilized to provide enrichment of fragments unique to the sample population.