Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a RelA enzyme inhibitor and a bactericidal antibiotic, wherein said RelA enzyme inhibitor binds to the RelA enzyme in bacteria to reduce biofilm formation and to degrade biofilms that have been formed. The pharmaceutical compositions can be used to treat bacterial biofilm diseases.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a RelA enzyme inhibitor and a bactericidal antibiotic, wherein said RelA enzyme inhibitor binds to the RelA enzyme in bacteria to reduce biofilm formation and to degrade biofilms that have been formed. The pharmaceutical compositions can be used to treat bacterial biofilm diseases.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a RelA enzyme inhibitor and a bactericidal antibiotic, wherein said RelA enzyme inhibitor binds to the RelA enzyme in bacteria to reduce biofilm formation and to degrade biofilms that have been formed. The pharmaceutical compositions can be used to treat bacterial biofilm diseases.

Abstract: A method of prevention of acid rock drainage excludes oxygen from waste rocks that contain ferrous sulfides by building an oxygen bio-barrier over exposed surfaces of the waste rock. The bio-barrier may be formed by applying a slurry to the rock. The slurry may contain several components such as microbial material, one or more nutrients, water or another fluid, and optionally water-absorbent material. The microbial material may include bacteria, algae, fungi or a combination thereof. Additionally, the slurry may contain one or more acid-neutralizing compounds, one or more cellulose-containing substances, and one or more UV protecting agents.

Abstract: A method of in situ treatment of fracture fluid that is contaminated with a heavy metal may include passing a flow of contaminated fracture fluid through a reactor vessel. The reactor vessel may contain a plurality of biofilm retaining structures. Each of the structures may at least be partially coated with a biofilm. Additionally, the biofilm may include a plurality of bacteria retained in a matrix and the matrix may include DNA, protein and carbohydrates produced by the bacteria.

Abstract: A method of in situ treatment of wastewater that is contaminated with a heavy metal may include passing a flow of contaminated wastewater through a reactor vessel. The reactor vessel may contain a plurality of biofilm retaining structures. Each of the structures may at least be partially coated with a biofilm. Additionally, the biofilm may include a plurality of bacteria retained in a matrix and the matrix may include DNA, protein and carbohydrates produced by the bacteria.

Abstract: Methods for identifying bacterial strains by using sets of distributed genes that are present in some but not all strains of a given species, associated methods for treating bacterial infections are disclosed. The methods may include examining a sample of a bacterial species, selecting a strain of interest based on possession of a unique genetic characteristic that is present in only the strain of interest and not in the other strains, examining the distributed genes possessed by the strain of interest, and detecting gene-possession variation in the distributed genes of the sample strains as compared to genes of known strains.

Abstract: A method of prevention of acid rock drainage excludes oxygen from waste rocks that contain ferrous sulfides by building an oxygen bio-barrier over exposed surfaces of the waste rock. The bio-barrier may be formed by applying a slurry to the rock. The slurry may contain several components such as microbial material, one or more nutrients, water or another fluid, and optionally water-absorbent material. The microbial material may include bacteria, algae, fungi or a combination thereof. Additionally, the slurry may contain one or more acid-neutralizing compounds, one or more cellulose-containing substances, and one or more UV protecting agents.

Abstract: A method of in situ treatment of wastewater that is contaminated with a heavy metal may include passing a flow of contaminated wastewater through a reactor vessel. The reactor vessel may contain a plurality of biofilm retaining structures. Each of the structures may at least be partially coated with a biofilm. Additionally, the biofilm may include a plurality of bacteria retained in a matrix and the matrix may include DNA, protein and carbohydrates produced by the bacteria.

Abstract: A method of in situ treatment of fracture fluid that is contaminated with a heavy metal may include passing a flow of contaminated fracture fluid through a reactor vessel. The reactor vessel may contain a plurality of biofilm retaining structures. Each of the structures may at least be partially coated with a biofilm. Additionally, the biofilm may include a plurality of bacteria retained in a matrix and the matrix may include DNA, protein and carbohydrates produced by the bacteria.