Abstract: A product press formed from a paperboard and a method for forming the same is provided, wherein the product includes a press formed three-dimensional curvilinear region having a desired shape and containing a formation improvement structure for facilitating the press formation and maintenance of the desired product shape and for preventing the machine directionality of the paperboard from distorting the product from its desired shape. The press formed paperboard product of the preferred embodiment comprises a planar wall having a periphery which is at least partially curvilinear and a peripheral wall angularly oriented with respect to the planar wall. The peripheral wall extends along at least a portion of the curvilinear periphery of the planar wall and the closest portion of the peripheral wall is spaced a substantial radial distance from the periphery of the planar wall.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring fiber orientation anisotropy in a web of fibrous material includes a microwave generator, a waveguide through which a microwave signal is propagated axially and in which an electric field is established in one direction perpendicular to the waveguide axis, the waveguide having a gripping means which provides a gripping means for specimen insertion, a detector for measuring intensity of the microwave signal propagated through the waveguide and a metering means for numerically evaluating the intensity of the propagated signal. The intensity of the propagated signal is measured (1) with the waveguide empty, (2) with the specimen inserted in the waveguide in a plane normal to the axis and with its machine direction aligned with the electric field and (3) with the specimen inserted in the waveguide in the normal plane and with its cross direction aligned with the direction of the electric field.

Abstract: A device which measures the velocity of ultrasonic waves in a moving web is provided. A pair of wheels is mounted for continuous surface contact with the paper and a transducer, which contacts the web on each revolution, is located in each wheel for relating electrical and mechanical signals. Timing means measures the time it takes a mechanical signal generated at the first wheel to reach the second wheel. Noise reducing and amplifying means are provided for effective operation.