Abstract: The invention is a method of making an improved internally supported electrode which comprises:(a) contacting a first exposed member with a plurality of projections located on a first surface of a gas permeable support section;(b) contacting a second exposed member with a plurality of projections on a second surface of the support section; wherein the projections on each surface are separated by a distance of at least about 0.1 inch;(c) imbedding at least a portion of the projections into each of the exposed members; and(d) bonding the imbedded projections to each of the exposed members.

Abstract: An improved, internally supported electrode has been developed which comprises:(a) a gas permeable support section having at least two surface portions; and(b) at least two exposed members individually supported by a surface portion of the support section; wherein the improvement comprises:a plurality of projections separated by at least about 0.1 inch on each of the surface portions, wherein at least a portion of said projections are at least partially imbedded into and bonded with an exposed member.The invention includes an electrolytic cell using the electrode as a cathode and the electrolytic process of using the electrolytic cell.

Abstract: Porous electrode bodies are effectively provided with efficient internal surface deposits of manganese oxide(s) catalyst formations by decomposition, under an atmosphere that can either be oxidizing, reducing or inert in nature, at an elevated temperature of a pre-applied anionic manganese salt reagent (notably manganese nitrate but also certain carboxylic acid salts of manganese, etc.) in order to chemically decompose the reagent to advantageous manganese oxide forms within the body pores. Exposure to a reducing environment after catalyst deposition ameliorates the provided catalyst structure by rendering therein more electrocatalytically active variations of the emplaced manganese oxides. Highly reliable and satisfactory electrode products particularly well suited for use as depolarized cathodes, especially in chlor-alkali cells, are obtained from the treatment.

Abstract: Porous electrode bodies are effectively provided with efficient internal surface deposits of manganese oxide(s) catalyst formations by decomposition in an oxidizing atmosphere at an elevated temperature of a pre-applied inorganic permanganate salt reagent (notably potassium permanganate) in order to chemically decompose the reagent to advantageous manganese oxide forms within the body pores. Exposure to a reducing environment after catalyst deposition ameliorates the provided catalyst structure by rendering therein more electrocatalytically active variations of the emplaced manganese oxides. Highly reliable and satisfactory electrode products particularly well suited for use as depolarized cathodes, especially in chlor-alkali cells, are obtained from the treatment.

Abstract: A catalytically-active electrode, especially well suited for the electroreduction of oxygen in alkaline media, is comprised at least partially of a substantial proportion of finely comminutated, particulate metallic manganese fabricated in a porous body form of structure so as to retain its essential elemental integrity or character.

Abstract: An innate catalytically-active electrode, especially well suited for the electroreduction of oxygen in alkaline media, is comprised at least partially of a substantial proportion of a metal phthalocyanine in dry powder form compounded in intimate mixture with a finely comminutated, particulate metal all fabricated together in an integral porous body form of structure.