Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for targeting a polypeptide of interest to a chloroplast. Recombinant polynucleotides comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a chimeric chloroplast transit peptide (CTP) operably linked to a heterologous polynucleotide of interest are provided. In specific embodiments, the chimeric CTP comprises an N-terminal domain operably linked to a central domain operably linked to a C-terminal domain of a CTP to form a chimeric chloroplast transit peptide having CTP activity. Recombinant polypeptides encoding the same, as well as, cells, plant cells, plants and seeds are further provided which comprise the recombinant polynucleotides. Methods of use of the various sequences are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for targeting a polypeptide of interest to a chloroplast. Recombinant polynucleotides comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a chimeric chloroplast transit peptide (CTP) operably linked to a heterologous polynucleotide of interest are provided. In specific embodiments, the chimeric CTP comprises an N-terminal domain operably linked to a central domain operably linked to a C-terminal domain of a CTP to form a chimeric chloroplast transit peptide having CTP activity. Recombinant polypeptides encoding the same, as well as, cells, plant cells, plants and seeds are further provided which comprise the recombinant polynucleotides. Methods of use of the various sequences are also provided.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for protecting a plant from an insect pest are provided. Nucleic acid molecules encoding insect protoxins or insect toxins modified to comprise at least one proteolytic activation site that is sensitive to an insect gut protease are provided. Cleavage of a modified insect protoxin at the proteolytic activation site by an insect gut protease produces an active insect toxin in the gut of the insect pest. Cleavage of a modified insect toxin of the invention at a proteolytic activation site results in the production of an active insect toxin in the insect gut that displays improved pesticidal activity relative to the insect toxin that lacks the proteolytic activation site. Methods of using the modified insect protoxin and modified insect toxin nucleic acid sequences and the polypeptides they encode to protect a plant from an insect pest are provided.