Abstract: The present invention is devoted to an analytical method for directly determining carbon number and molecular weight distributions of isoparaffin mixtures. The analytical means uses low in-scan emitter-current field-ionization mass spectroscopy to substantially reduced or eliminated molecular ion fragmentation for isoparaffins, which allows direct measurement of isoparaffin molecular ions for their distributions. The analytical means is capable of directly characterizing isobutane to C50+ isoparaffins, covering naphtha to gas oil ranges.

Abstract: The present invention is a method to determine the TAN and TAN as a function of boiling point for a hydrocarbon feedstream using an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS). The steps of the method include determining the signal as a function of mass from the ESI-MS while minimizing the formation of oligomers and fragmentation of the molecular species in the feedstream and then determining the TAN from the signals. The TAN is also determined as a function of boiling point.

Abstract: A process for making edible substrates including the steps of: forming a substrate having an upper surface; providing at least one ink jet printer; printing an image onto the substrate with the inkjet printer to form a printed substrate; and cooking the printed substrate.

Abstract: An article of commerce comprising an edible substrate having an image which provides value beyond the aesthetic value of the image. In one aspect, the present invention provides an article of commerce comprising: (a) an edible substrate; (b) a first image disposed upon said edible substrate, wherein said first image comprises a first game element; (c) a second image disposed upon said edible substrate, wherein said second image comprises a second game element; and (d) optionally a container for containing said edible substrate. The first game element and the second game element provide elements of a game. In a preferred embodiment, the edible substrate comprises a fabricated snack chip.