Abstract: A wear resistant vent orifice is formed by a ring plate member, having erosion protective material at least on the inner annulus thereof, defining the vent orifice between the inner annulus of the ring plate and a tube member passing therethrough.

Abstract: A multiphase petroleum stream pipeline analyzer including a defoaming device connected to an upstream section of the pipeline which reduces foam in the petroleum stream. Apparatus stratifies the petroleum stream after defoaming by causing the stream to flow down a decline at a predetermined angle to the horizontal. A device traps gas released during stratification and provides the gas to an accumulator. Liquid exits from the trap device and is allowed to re-enter the downstream section of the pipeline. The accumulator also accumulates gas from the defoaming operation and the stratification. The gas is allowed to exit from the accumulator to the downstream section of the pipeline so as to recombine the petroleum stream. A plurality of sensors monitor liquid and gas in the trap, and exit from the trap and the accumulator for various conditions of the liquid and the gas and provides corresponding signals. A water cut monitor provides a signal corresponding to the water cut of the liquid.

Abstract: In a fluid catalytic cracking process, coke is burned from spent catalyst at elevated temperature in a vertically arranged regenerator vessel. The regenerator vessel contains a lower, dense phase oxidation zone to which spent catalyst is introduced and an upper, dilute phase oxidation zone. Catalyst is fluidized and oxidized by means of air which is introduced in an amount of 5 vol % to 15 vol % to a lower air distributor at the bottom of the dense phase zone. Spent catalyst is discharged above the lower air distributor. The balance of the air is distributed in a horizontal plane in the dense phase above the catalyst discharge. As a result, a substantial proportion of the coke and carbon monoxide is burned in the dense phase zone at a lower temperature. A reduced amount of carbon monoxide is carried over to the dilute phase where higher temperature oxidation occurs.