Abstract: A valve operating system for an engine that includes a piston that reciprocates along a piston axis. The valve operating system includes a valve member that is movable along a valve axis between a first position and a second position and a crankshaft that is rotatable about a crank axis. A cam member includes a substantially non-planar non-cylindrical surface and a cam profile superimposed thereon. A drive linkage interconnects the cam member and the crankshaft such that the cam member rotates in response to rotation of the crankshaft. A rocker arm is engaged with the valve member and the cam profile to move the valve member in response to rotation of the cam member.

Abstract: A tube for directing fluid along a path that includes a bend. The tube comprising a conduit having a first aperture, a second aperture, and a bend portion adjacent the second aperture. An outer bend surface is integrally formed as part of the conduit to at least partially define the second aperture. An insert includes at least a portion of an inner bend surface and is disposed at least partially within the second aperture such that the outer bend surface and the inner bend surface cooperate to at least partially define the bend.