Abstract: A cellular drainage structure is formed of a predetermined volume of a settable, water permeable, cellular concrete product. A concrete mix is formed of a uniformly graded aggregate in the size range from 1/16 inch to two inches and in a quantity corresponding to the predetermined volume; a cementitious component in the quantity range from 141 to 658 pounds per cubic yard of product; water in quantity sufficient to create a water-to-cement ratio in the approximate range from 0.30 to 0.55 and sufficient to wet the aggregate, establishing a cementitious-component-and-water matrix of determinable volume; a pre-formed surfactant foam, generated from an aqueous surfactant mixture at a dilution of from approximately 3 to 25 grams per liter of surfactant in water, wherein the pre-formed foam is in the density range of from 2.0 to 3.0 pcf, and the foam is added in the quantity range of 5% to 30% of the volume of the cementitious-component-and-water matrix.

Abstract: A weather resistant soil cement with an open pore structure for resisting freeze-thaw damage is formed of cement, fly ash, Free aggregates, water, and an aqueous foamed surfactant, and other application specific additives. The material is uniquely suited for using indigenous soils, mill tailings, or granular waste products as the aggregate component of the mixture, although commercially produced aggregates may be used depending on economics and availability. Due to its low density and flowable nature, it can be pumped or placed by gravity and without compaction. The resulting product is a low density material with construction and mining applications, that is suited for use as a fill or mad base. Specific product formulations are easily designed to permit removal at local sites with conventional excavating equipment.

Abstract: A solid material, such as sand, mineral tailings, aggregate, or sludge is selected and treated to wet the surface of the material. A low moisture content foam is generated by passing a gas through a mixture of water and a surfactant, wherein the foam has a foam weight in the range from 15-50 gm/l. The solid material then is mixed with a quantity of the foam from 2-80% by resulting volume, sufficient to create of a foam-based slurry product having plug flow characteristics when pumped through a pipeline. The mixing can be accomplished by batch process or continuous flow processes. The slurry product is pumped through a pipeline and is regenerated as required within the pipeline by injecting additional foam into the slurry product while, substantially at the same time, mixing the slurry product with the additional foam by passing it over a mixing foil, which is especially effective in a bend of the pipe.