Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of toxoids prepared using a-dicarbonyl toxoiding reagents such as glyoxal, butanedione and phenylglyoxal. The toxoids may be prepared with low concentrations of toxoiding reagent and in short periods of time, often in as few as 24 hours, making the toxoiding reagents particularly advantageous when compared with traditional formaldehyde toxoiding. Toxoids prepared using dicarbonyl reagents such as phenylglyoxal are described and claimed as are pharmaceutical and vaccine compositions comprising the toxoids, methods of treatment using such compositions and antibodies generated by immunisation with the toxoid and methods of treatment using the antibodies so prepared or fragments of such antibodies.

Abstract: A composition comprising microspheres of a polymer matrix, having two different pharmaceutical actives having complementary, usually synergistic, activity in killing cells. The compositions have particular utility for treating tumours. Useful combinations are doxorubicin with rapamycin, irinotecan with ibuprofen, ibuprofen with doxorubicin and irinotecan with doxorubicin. The polymer matrix is preferably a crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol. The drugs may be included in the same microsphere, or microspheres each with an individual pharmaceutical agent may be mixed together. The microspheres are preferably used in chemoembolisation of tumours.

Abstract: An aerosol formulation comprising a biodegradable microsphere comprising a non-living reagent, such as a sub-unit vaccine, that produces a protective immune response in a mammal to whom it is administered. Nebulizers and inhalers containing such formulations are also described and claimed.