Abstract: Administration of inhibitors of carboxypeptidase E provides significant neurotropic effects in warm-blooded vertebrates evidenced inter alia by anxiolytic and anti-aggressive behavior and enhanced cognition. Certain &bgr;-Lactam antibiotics, most significantly, certain 1-oxa-1-dethia cephems with blood brain barrier transport, exhibit potent therapeutic neurologic activity.

Abstract: Novel neuroprotectant compositions and methods are described. &bgr;-Lactamase inhibitors are used to prevent or reduce loss of neuronal cells and neuronal cell function in patients afflicted with or susceptible to disease states or conditions known to result in or cause neuronal tissue insult.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and 2-(azetidin-2-on-1-yl)acetic acid derivatives for the antagonism of the vasopressin V1a receptor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a combinatorial process for synthesizing a library of azetidinone peptide-like compounds. The compounds are synthesized as mixtures from a common azetidinone intermediate. The compounds are biologically active as inhibitors of the Vasopressin (V1a) receptor.

Abstract: This invention discloses methods of using certain aryl-benzo?b!thiophene and benzo?b!furan compounds to block or inhibit cannabinoid receptors in mammals. It also discloses novel compounds which are antagonists of the cannabinoid receptors and also discloses pharmaceutical formulations which contain the compounds as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Immunoconjugates of antibodies or antigen-recognizing fragments of antibodies and monovalent cytotoxic drug derivatives make use of .beta.-alanine derived linkers wherein the antibody or fragment thereof is attached to the linker's carboxy group via an ester or amide group and the drug is attached through the linker's 2-position methylene group. Intermediates, compositions and methods of use also are provided.

Abstract: Immunoconjugates of antibodies or antigen-recognizing fragments of antibodies and monovalent cytotoxic drug derivatives make use of .beta.-alanine derived linkers wherein the antibody or fragment thereof is attached to the linker's carboxy group via an ester or amide group and the drug is attached through the linker's 2-position methylene group. Intermediates, compositions and methods of use also are provided.

Abstract: This invention discloses methods of using certain aryl-benzo[b]thiophene and benzo[b]furan compounds to block or inhibit cannabinoid receptors in mammals. It also discloses novel compounds which are antagonists of the cannabinoid receptors and also discloses pharmaceutical formulations which contain the compounds as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Immunoconjugates of antibodies or antigen-recognizing fragments of antibodies and monovalent cytotoxic drug derivatives make use of .beta.-alanine derived linkers wherein the antibody or fragment thereof is attached to the linker's carboxy group via an ester or amide group and the drug is attached through the linker's 2-position methylene group. Intermediates, compositions and methods of use also are provided.

Abstract: Targeted drug conjugates which enable a large number of molecules of drug to be directed to a cell by a single molecule of antibody are provided. The invention also provides intermediates for the synthesis of such conjugates and cytotoxic drugs modified in accordance with the cluster concept of the invention.

Abstract: Immunoglobulin conjugates formed by reacting a difluoronucleoside with an immunoglobulin via an alkane dioic acid linking group.

Abstract: Immunoglobulin conjugates are formed by reacting a difluoronucleoside with an immunoglobulin via an alkane dioic acid linking group.

Abstract: The invention provides for certain compounds derived from ascorbic acid and their formulations which are useful in inhibiting angiogenesis in mammals.

Abstract: Ethers of ascorbic and isoascorbic acid and ketals and acetals thereof, angiogenesis inhibitors.

Abstract: A process is described for recovering 2-acetylthiomethyl-5-aminopentanoic acid from an impure acid addition salt thereof by treating the latter in a polar organic solvent with a base.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing 2-acetylthiomethyl-5-quanidinopentanoic acid by treating 2-acetylthiomethyl-5-aminopentanoic acid with 1-quanyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole in a medium comprising a hydroxylated solvent.

Abstract: Process for 4-(D-3-amino-3-carboxypropoxy)phenylglyoxylic acid oxime as an amino-protected ester comprising alkylating an amino-protected D-methionine silyl ester with an alkyl or benzyl iodide; cyclizing the alkylsulfonium iodide to an amino-protected D-homoserine lactone; hydrolyzing the lactone to an amino-protected D-homoserine in aqueous base; coupling, to form an ether, the amino-protected D-homoserine as an ester with an ester of 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid; and forming the oxime of the ether or alternatively coupling the D-homoserine ester with a protected-oxime of an esterified 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid. The product is useful in preparing the antibiotic FR 1923.

Abstract: 1-[.alpha.-(Carboxy)-4-hydroxybenzyl]-3.beta.-aminoazetidin-2-one esters are prepared by converting 2-acyl-3,3-dialkyl-7-oxo-.alpha.-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-4-thia-2,6-diazabic yclo[3.2.0]-heptane-6-acetic acid esters with mercuric acetate in an aqueous organic solvent mixture, e.g., in aqueous methanol, to 7-oxo-3-phenyl-.alpha.-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-4-oxa-2,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0] hept-2-ene-1-acetic acid esters and the latter are reacted with PCl.sub.5 and pyridine to provide the monocyclic 1-[.alpha.-(carboxy)-4-benzyloxybenzyl]-3.beta.-(.alpha.-chlorobenzylidene -amino)-4-chloroazetidin-2-one esters. Reduction of the dichloro azetidin-2-one with an organo tin hydride and azobisisobutyronitrile affords the deschloro, 1-[.alpha.-(carboxy)-4-benzyloxybenzyl]-3.beta.-benzylideneaminoazetidin-2 -one ester. The latter is hydrolyzed and the 4-benzyloxy group is cleaved via catalytic hydrogenolysis to yield an ester of 1-[.alpha.-(carboxy)-4-hydroxybenzyl]-3.beta.-aminoazetidin-2-one. The 3.beta.

Abstract: 1-[.alpha.-(Carboxy)-4-hydroxybenzyl]-3.beta.-aminoazetidin-2-one esters are prepared by converting 2-acyl-3,3-dialkyl-7-oxo-.alpha.-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-4-thia-2,6-diazabic yclo[3.2.0]heptane-6-acetic acid esters with mercuric acetate in an aqueous organic solvent mixture, e.g., in aqueous methanol, to 7-oxo-3-phenyl-.alpha.-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-4-oxa-2,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0] hept-2-ene-1-acetic acid esters and the latter are reacted with PCl.sub.5 and pyridine to provide the monocyclic 1-[.alpha.-(carboxy)-4-benzyloxybenzyl]-3.beta.-(.alpha.-chlorobenzylidene amino)-4-chloroazetidin-2-one esters. Reduction of the dichloro azetidin-2-one with an organo tin hydride and azobisisobutyronitrile affords the deschloro, 1-[.alpha.-(carboxy)-4-benzyloxybenzyl]-3.beta.-benzylideneaminoazetidin-2 -one ester. The latter is hydrolyzed and the benzyloxy group is cleaved via catalytic hydrogenolysis to yield an ester of 1-[.alpha.-(carboxy)-4-hydroxybenzyl]-3.beta.-aminoazetidin-2-one. The 3.beta.

Abstract: Monocyclic .beta.-lactam antibiotics of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is amino or acylamino, e.g., phenylacetylamino, phenylglycylamino and 2-[4-(3-amino-3-carboxypropoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroximinoacetylamino; R.sub.1 is H or ester forming group; R.sub.2 is H, --OCH.sub.3, --SCH.sub.3, or --CH.sub.3 ; and R.sub.3 is H or acetoxy; are useful antibacterials for controlling .beta.-lactamase producing gram-negative bacteria and other pathogens. Intermediates useful in the preparation of the antibiotics and a novel process for preparing 4.alpha.-acetoxy substituted azetidin-2-ones are provided.