Abstract: Methods for the early detection of gas kicks in marine risers (10) include monitoring a downhole absolute pressure and a downhole differential pressure of a riser section (11) positioned just above the blowout preventer (18). The absolute pressure is used to calculate an average density of mud or mud/gas mixture in the entire riser (10). The differential pressure across the riser section (11) is used to calculate an average density of mud or mud/gas mixture in riser section (11). An unfavorable comparison between the calculated density for the mud or mud/gas mixture in the riser section (11) and the calculated density for the mud or mud/gas mixture in the entire riser (10) is used to detect the onset of a gas kick and to alert the operator. Alternatively, the measured differential pressure across the riser section (11) can be compared with an expected downhole differential pressure. Unfavorable comparisons of the measured and expected differential pressures indicate the onset of a gas kick.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pressurized fluid accumulator adapted to be connected to a subsea valve actuator on a drilling wellhead assembly, prior to lowering the combined assembly to the ocean floor.The apparatus of the present invention consists of a pressure compensated piston located in a first hydraulic cylinder. Movement of this piston causes pressurized hydraulic fluid to be delivered in sufficient volume to activate a subsea hydraulically-activated valve.The first piston is connected to and driven by a second piston contained in a second hydraulic cylinder. Charging and accumulation of pressurized hydraulic fluid in the first cylinder causes a nearly absolute vacuum to be developed under the second piston. The pressure differential between this vacuum and the prevailing sea pressure is used to move the first piston during delivery of the hydraulic fluid to the actuator of the hydraulically activated valve.

Abstract: A hollow cylindrical-shaped cover member having a rounded end for enclosing the valve end of a tank containing compressed gases. The interior end portion is cut-away to house the valve assembly. The interior surface is ribbed and the sidewall is slotted to allow contraction thereof for frictional engagement with the tank. A locking device is used for contracting the sidewall and the cover member includes a handle and tote means for carrying the tank. A portable boot with wheels for engagement with the tank bottom is also provided.

Abstract: An improved pipe section for use in a telemetering drill string in which each pipe section contains an insulated electrical conductor extending between insulated electrical connectors in the pipe joints. The improvement comprises encasing the conductor and insulating material in a fluid-tight metal conduit to isolate them from the fluid in or around the drill string when the pipe sections are interconnected.