Abstract: The methods for determining the probability of detection of a thermally camouflaged target at various ranges by the sensor includes determining an “inherent” temperature difference, ?TRSS, between the target and its immediate surroundings. Once ?TRSS is determined, a scaled N50 cycle criterion, or the number of resolvable cycles needed by the sensor for a fifty percent probability of detection, is determined according to the relationship N50=A/(?TRSS)B+C, where A, B and C are constants that are predetermined according to whether the immediate surroundings are of a woodland or a littoral nature. The scaled N50 cycle criterion is then used in an empirical Target Transfer Probability Function (TTPF) defined by P=(N/N50)E/(1+(N/N50)E), where E=2.7+0.7(N/N50), in order to determine the probability of detection of the thermally camouflaged target.

Abstract: A refractory supporting end anchor for the end of a refractory lined conduit, and a lined conduit having a series of the anchors at the end thereof.

Abstract: S-bar refractory anchors having at least one elliptical tab formed in the main body section are resistant to stress cracking.

Abstract: A refractory support device comprising two elongated members pivotally connected at one end and adapted to be attached to shaped connecting surfaces, and an insulated structure comprising connecting surfaces having the support devices attached thereto and having refractory material covering the surfaces and surrounding the support devices.