Abstract: The present disclosure relates to electrochemical energy storage systems. In particular, the present disclosure relates to particular systems and methods for providing a compact framework in which to house an electrochemical energy storage system. Various embodiments of electrochemical energy storage systems are disclosed that include a flow manifold and a flow manifold cover. The flow manifold may provide a plurality of channels for distributing liquid reactant to an electrical cell stack. The flow manifold may be utilized in conjunction with a flow manifold cover. The flow manifold cover may be configured to support a variety of components of a liquid reactant distribution system. Such components may include liquid reactant pump motors, inlet and outlet ports, a reference cell, and a variety of sensors. The distribution of liquid reactants to the cell stack from the inlet and outlet ports may be accomplished by way of the flow manifold cover.

Abstract: A reactor assembly for a redox flow battery system is disclosed. The reactor assembly may include a plurality of outer frames, a plurality of inner frames, and a rib and channel interlock system integrated in the plurality of outer frames and the plurality of inner frames. In certain embodiments, the rib and channel interlock system may be configured to create a plurality of seal systems enclosing an outer circumference of an electrolyte compartment when the plurality of outer frames and the plurality of inner frames are compressed together in a stack configuration.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various embodiments of redox flow battery systems having modular reactant storage capabilities. Accordingly to various embodiments, a redox flow battery system may include an anolyte storage module configured to interface with other anolyte storage modules, a catholyte storage module configured to interface with other catholyte storage modules, and a reactor cell having reactant compartments in fluid communication with the anolyte and catholyte storage modules. By utilizing modular storage modules to store anolyte and catholyte reactants, the redox flow battery system may be scalable without significantly altering existing system components.

Abstract: A reactor assembly for a redox flow battery system is disclosed. The reactor assembly may include a plurality of outer frames, a plurality of inner frames, and a rib and channel interlock system integrated in the plurality of outer frames and the plurality of inner frames. In certain embodiments, the rib and channel interlock system may be configured to create a plurality of seal systems enclosing an outer circumference of an electrolyte compartment when the plurality of outer frames and the plurality of inner frames are compressed together in a stack configuration.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various embodiments of redox flow battery systems having modular reactant storage capabilities. Accordingly to various embodiments, a redox flow battery system may include an anolyte storage module configured to interface with other anolyte storage modules, a catholyte storage module configured to interface with other catholyte storage modules, and a reactor cell having reactant compartments in fluid communication with the anolyte and catholyte storage modules. By utilizing modular storage modules to store anolyte and catholyte reactants, the redox flow battery system may be scalable without significantly altering existing system components.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to electrochemical energy storage systems. In particular, the present disclosure relates to particular systems and methods for providing a compact framework in which to house an electrochemical energy storage system. Various embodiments of electrochemical energy storage systems are disclosed that include a flow manifold and a flow manifold cover. The flow manifold may provide a plurality of channels for distributing liquid reactant to an electrical cell stack. The flow manifold may be utilized in conjunction with a flow manifold cover. The flow manifold cover may be configured to support a variety of components of a liquid reactant distribution system. Such components may include liquid reactant pump motors, inlet and outlet ports, a reference cell, and a variety of sensors. The distribution of liquid reactants to the cell stack from the inlet and outlet ports may be accomplished by way of the flow manifold cover.

Abstract: A vanadium redox battery energy storage system (“VRB-ESS”) capable of modularly incorporating additional electrolyte reservoirs to increase energy capacity while allowing for efficient low-volume operation is disclosed. The VRB-ESS of the present invention may efficiently operate using a first volume of electrolyte solution, while maintaining a second volume of electrolyte solution to be made available to the VRB-ESS as additional energy storage capacity is required. Additionally, a cap mechanism to allow the VRB-ESS of the present invention to employ an industry standard IBC container as a secondary electrolyte reservoir is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved redox battery energy storage system is disclosed for reducing oxygen gas levels and separating oxygen gas from hydrogen gas, thus reducing the likelihood of flammable gas explosions. The system includes at least one cell, which includes a positive compartment having positive solution, a negative compartment having negative solution, and a membrane separating the positive and negative compartments. A positive reservoir is in fluid communication with the cell's positive compartment, the positive reservoir defining a positive vent space for positive gas, which includes oxygen. A negative reservoir is in fluid communication with the cell's negative compartment, the negative reservoir defining a negative vent space. A return line is in fluid communication with the negative compartment and the negative reservoir to return the negative solution from the cell to the negative reservoir through the negative vent space.

Abstract: A vanadium redox battery energy storage system (“VRB-ESS”) capable of modularly incorporating additional electrolyte reservoirs to increase energy capacity while allowing for efficient low-volume operation is disclosed. The VRB-ESS of the present invention may efficiently operate using a first volume of electrolyte solution, while maintaining a second volume of electrolyte solution to be made available to the VRB-ESS as additional energy storage capacity is required. Additionally, a cap mechanism to allow the VRB-ESS of the present invention to employ an industry standard IBC container as a secondary electrolyte reservoir is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved redox battery energy storage system is disclosed for reducing oxygen gas levels and separating oxygen gas from hydrogen gas, thus reducing the likelihood of flammable gas explosions. The system includes at least one cell, which includes a positive compartment having positive solution, a negative compartment having negative solution, and a membrane separating the positive and negative compartments. A positive reservoir is in fluid communication with the cell's positive compartment, the positive reservoir defining a positive vent space for positive gas, which includes oxygen. A negative reservoir is in fluid communication with the cell's negative compartment, the negative reservoir defining a negative vent space. A return line is in fluid communication with the negative compartment and the negative reservoir to return the negative solution from the cell to the negative reservoir through the negative vent space.