Abstract: There is described a method of producing hydrogen and nitrogen using a feedstock gas reactor. Reaction of feedstock and combustion gases in the reactor produces hydrogen and nitrogen through pyrolysis of the feedstock gas. Parameters of the process may be adjusted to control the ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen that is produced such that it may be suitable, for example, for the synthesis of ammonia.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods, systems, and computer-readable media for coupling two or more simulators to simulate a coupled multi-physics model of a subsurface formation are provided. A coupling framework loads one or more simulators as shared libraries into a common process and a common memory space with a first simulator to create the coupled multi-physics model of the subsurface formation. During simulation, the coupling framework controls data exchange between the first simulator and the other simulator(s) through the common memory space and controls execution of the first simulator and the other simulator(s) responsive to the common process. In the event of two-way coupling, the coupling framework can receive feedback from the other simulator(s) and alter execution of the first simulator. In the event of grid misalignment, the coupling framework can map data between the first simulator and the other simulator(s) such as in a globally conservative (e.g., mass, energy, etc.) manner.

Abstract: A vehicle transaction support system operates by: receiving vehicle source data indicating vehicles available from at least one vehicle source; filtering the vehicle source data based on vehicle filter parameters and generating filtered vehicle source data responsive thereto indicating a plurality of the vehicles; generating, based on vehicle requirements data and the filtered vehicle source data and utilizing a vehicle scoring engine having at least one artificial intelligence (AI) model trained via machine learning, filtered and scored vehicle source data that indicates scores associated with the plurality of the vehicles; receiving, via a graphical user interface, vehicle selection data corresponding to selected ones of the plurality of the vehicles; generating, in respond to the vehicle selection data, vehicle bid data corresponding to the selected ones of the plurality of the vehicles; and sending the vehicle bid data to the at least one vehicle source.

Abstract: In one example, an apparatus that is part of a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) module of a vehicle comprises a semiconductor integrated circuit comprising a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and a substrate. The MEMS comprises an array of micro-mirror assemblies, each micro-mirror assembly comprising: a micro-mirror having a first thickness; and an actuator comprising first fingers and second fingers, the first fingers being connected with the substrate, the second fingers being mechanically connected to the micro-mirror having a second thickness smaller than the first thickness, the actuator being configured to generate an electrostatic force between the first fingers and the second fingers to rotate the micro-mirror to reflect light emitted by a light source out of the LiDAR module or light received by the LiDAR module to a receiver.

Abstract: In one example, an apparatus being part of a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) module is provided. The apparatus comprises a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and a substrate. The MEMS comprising an array of micro-mirror assemblies, each micro-mirror assembly comprises: a first flexible support structure and a second flexible support structure connected to the substrate; a micro-mirror comprising a first connection structure and a second connection structure, the first connection structure being connected to the first flexible support structure at a first connection point, the second connection structure being connected to the second flexible support structure at a second connection point, the first and second connection points being aligned with a rotation axis around which the micro-mirror rotates, the first flexible support structure and the second flexible support structure being configured to allow the first and second connection points to move when the micro-mirror rotates.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a scanning mirror assembly. In certain configurations, the scanning mirror assembly may include a two-dimensional micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) scanning mirror, a first pair of piezoelectric electrodes coupled to the MEMS scanning mirror through a first pair of looped torsion springs, and a second pair of piezoelectric electrodes coupled to the MEMS scanning mirror through a second pair of looped torsion springs. The first pair of piezoelectric electrodes drives the MEMS scanning mirror to rotate around a first axis. The second pair of piezoelectric electrodes drives the MEMS scanning mirror to rotate around a second axis orthogonal to the first axis.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a scanning mirror assembly. In certain configurations, the scanning mirror assembly may include a two-dimensional micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) scanning mirror, a skeleton on a back surface of the MEMS scanning mirror, a first pair of piezoelectric electrodes coupled to the MEMS scanning mirror through a first pair of serpentine torsion springs, and a second pair of piezoelectric electrodes coupled to the MEMS scanning mirror through a second pair of serpentine torsion springs. The first pair of piezoelectric electrodes drives the MEMS scanning mirror and the skeleton to rotate around a first axis, and the second pair of piezoelectric electrodes drives the MEMS scanning mirror and the skeleton to rotate around a second axis orthogonal to the first axis.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a scanner for steering optical beams. In certain configurations, the scanner may include a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) scanning mirror independently rotatable around a first axis and a second axis orthogonal to the first axis. The scanner may further include a piezoelectric actuator coupled to the MEMS scanning mirror, where the piezoelectric actuator has a first pair of piezoelectric electrodes configured to drive the MEMS scanning mirror to rotate around the first axis, and a second pair of piezoelectric electrodes configured to drive the MEMS scanning mirror to simultaneously rotate around the second axis.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a packaged micro-mirror for an optical sensing system. In some embodiments, the packaged micro-mirror may include a package substrate. In some embodiments, the packaged micro-mirror may include a micro-mirror die attached to the package substrate through a first die attach material and a second die attach material. In some embodiments, the first die attach material may have a first Young’s modulus and the second die attach material may have a second Young’s modulus higher than the first Young’s modulus. In some embodiments, at least one of the first die attach material or the second die attach material may be a conductive adhesive forming an electrical connection between the micro-mirror die and package substrate.

Abstract: A method for designing an optical scanning mirror is provided. The method may include receiving, by a communication interface, a set of design parameters of the scanning mirror. The method may also include simulating scanning mirror oscillation, by at least one processor, based on the set of design parameters using a computer model. In certain aspects, the computer model may include a lookup table that correlates electrostatic force applied to a sample scanning mirror and angular displacement in the sample scanning mirror caused by the electrostatic force. The method may further include generating, by the at least one processor, mirror oscillation data as an output of the computer model for designing the scanning mirror. The mirror oscillation data may include a correlation of drive frequency, angular displacement, and time.

Abstract: A Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) module for a vehicle can include a semiconductor integrated circuit with a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and a substrate, the MEMS comprising a micro-mirror assembly including a mirror and a gimbal structure. The gimbal can be configured concentrically around and coplanar with the mirror. When rotated, the gimbal drives the mirror to oscillate at or near a resonant frequency and is coupled to the mirror via mirror-gimbal connectors. A support structure can be coupled to a backside of the mirror and gimbal structures and can increase the stiffness of the mirror to help the mirror better resist dynamic deformation. To limit the added rotational moment of inertia, the support structure can be etched to form a matrix of cells (e.g., formed by a mesh of circumferential and radial ridges) such that up to approximately 90% of the support structure material forming the support structure is removed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a scanning mirror assembly for an optical sensing system. The scanning mirror assembly may include a scanning mirror configured to rotate around an axis of rotation. The scanning mirror assembly may further include a plurality of torsion springs coupled to at least one side of the scanning mirror along the axis of rotation. In certain aspects, the plurality of torsion springs may collectively have a non-linear spring constant and a linear spring constant. In certain other aspects, a ratio of the non-linear spring constant over the linear spring constant may meet a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a method for designing an optical scanning mirror. The method may include receiving an initial set of design parameters for the scanning mirror assembly. The method may also include simulating first scanning mirror oscillation based on the initial set of design parameters to compute an initial non-linear spring constant associated with at least one spring of the scanning mirror assembly. The method may further include adjusting the set of design parameters for the scanning mirror assembly based on a comparison between the initial non-linear spring constant and a target non-linear spring constant. The method may also include outputting the at least one structural alteration to be implemented on the at least one spring. In certain aspects, the initial set of design parameters and the adjusted set of design parameters may be associated with a same mirror oscillation frequency and linear spring constant.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a scanning mirror assembly for an optical sensing system. The scanning mirror assembly may include a scanning mirror configured to rotate around an axis of rotation. The scanning mirror assembly may further include a plurality of torsion springs coupled to at least one side of the scanning mirror along the axis of rotation. In certain aspects, the plurality of torsion springs may collectively have a non-linear spring constant and a linear spring constant. In certain other aspects, a ratio of the non-linear spring constant over the linear spring constant may meet a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a method for designing an optical scanning mirror. The method may include receiving, by a communication interface, a set of design parameters of the scanning mirror. The method may also include simulating scanning mirror oscillation, by at least one processor, based on the set of design parameters using a computer model. In certain aspects, the computer model may include a lookup table that correlates electrostatic force applied to a sample scanning mirror and angular displacement in the sample scanning mirror caused by the electrostatic force. The method may further include generating, by the at least one processor, mirror oscillation data as an output of the computer model for designing the scanning mirror. The mirror oscillation data may include a correlation of drive frequency, angular displacement, and time.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a scanner for steering optical beams. In certain configurations, the scanner may include a scanning mirror independently rotatable around a first axis and a second axis. In certain other configurations, the scanner may also include a first driver configured to drive the scanning mirror to rotate around the first axis. In still other configurations, the scanner may further include a second driver configured to drive the scanning mirror to simultaneously rotate around the second axis. In certain aspects, the first driver and the second driver may be different types of drivers.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a method for designing an optical scanning mirror. The method may include receiving a first set of design parameters and a second set of design parameters of the scanning mirror. The method may include computing a first quality factor associated with slide film damping of the scanning mirror based on the first set of design parameters. The method may include computing a second quality factor associated with squeeze film damping of the scanning mirror based on the second set of design parameters using a simulation model. The method may include computing a third quality factor associated with the scanning mirror based on the first quality factor and the second quality factor. The method may include outputting the third quality factor associated with the scanning mirror.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a method and mechanism for reducing changes in the resonant frequency of a MEMS mirror structure with temperature due to a mismatch between the CTE of the MEMS die and the package substrate. A die attach layer with a low Young's modulus, such as less than 15,000 psi, is used to allow absorption of some of the stress due to the mismatch in the CTE of the MEMS die and the package substrate. In addition, in embodiments a thicker die attach layer than normal is used to absorb some of the stress, increasing the height of the die attach layer from the normal range around 25 ?m to between 50-150 ?m thick. In further embodiments a pattern of open cavities is etched in the bottom of the die substrate. The die substrate may be made thicker to provide room for the cavities.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a design method for a LiDAR scanning mirror. The design method may include determining, by at least one processor, design parameters of the LiDAR scanning mirror and computing one or more mirror performance indexes, by the at least one processor, by applying a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model to the design parameters. The method may further include when the mirror performance indexes meet a predetermined target performance, providing the design parameters determined by the at least one processor for making the LiDAR scanning mirror.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a method for designing an optical scanning mirror. The method may include receiving, by a communication interface, a set of initial design parameters of the scanning mirror. The method may also include computing an initial quality factor associated with the scanning mirror, by at least one processor, based on the initial design parameters. The method may further include determining, by the at least one processor, at least one structural alteration associated with the scanning mirror based on a comparison between the initial quality factor and a target quality factor. The method may also include outputting, by the at least one processor, the at least one structural alteration to be implemented on the scanning mirror.