Abstract: An optical film has a major surface including a plurality of microstructures. Each microstructure includes an optical facet and a sidewall meeting the optical facet at a ridge of the microstructure. The optical facet and the sidewall define an oblique angle therebetween. For each microstructure in at least a majority of the microstructures, an optically absorptive layer is disposed on the sidewall. The optical film can include a polymeric layer having a microstructured surface at least partially coated with an inorganic optically transparent layer. The optically absorptive layer can an average thickness t where 100 nm<t<1 micrometer. A first layer can be disposed between the sidewall and the optically absorptive layer where the first layer has a lower extinction coefficient than the optically absorptive layer.

Abstract: An optical system includes a light source, an optical film curved about a first axis, and a light control film curved about the first axis and disposed between the light source and the optical film. The optical film includes a microstructured first major surface and an opposing second major surface. The microstructured first major surface defines a linear Fresnel lens including a plurality of Fresnel elements extending longitudinally along the first axis. The first major surface of the optical film faces of the optically transmissive regions, a centerline between adjacent optically absorptive regions is substantially normal to a major surface of the light control film.

Abstract: A curable composition can comprise a polymerizable material including a monomer of Formula (1), with R being H or alkyl or alkylaryl, n being 1-4, m being 0-6, X1 being C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, X2 being CH3 or H, After forming a cured layer of the curable composition, the cured layer can have an excellent etch resistance.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are drawn to methods and electronic devices capable of performing coordinate spatial reuse for wirelessly transmitting data on a channel in coordination with another wireless AP operating an overlapping BSS using the same wireless channel. The device can perform RSSI measurements and generate Per-RU RSSI reports including the RSSI measurements information for transmission to another wireless AP. The RSSI measurement can be performed by the device based on power levels detected when receiving TB PPDUs transmitted by wireless STAs responsive to trigger frames, for example. Based on the Per-RU RSSI report, a wireless AP can be configured to transmit data to an associated wireless STA without causing significant interference when another AP of the overlapping BSS is also transmitting, and can schedule frames for transmission from associated wireless STAs accordingly.

Abstract: Various illustrative aspects are directed to a data storage device, comprising one or more disks; an actuator mechanism configured to position heads proximate to a recording medium of the disks; a spindle motor configured for rotating the one or more disks; and one or more processing devices comprising a servo control processor. The servo control processor is configured to receive a spindle speed error signal indicative of an error in a rotational speed of the spindle motor. The servo control processor is further configured to output an initial frequency offset signal, wherein the initial frequency offset signal is proportional to the spindle speed error signal.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes: forming a first feature and a second feature extending in a normal direction transverse to a substrate; directionally depositing a dielectric material upon the features at an inclined angle relative to the normal direction so as to form a cap layer including a top portion disposed on a top surface of each of the features, and two opposite wall portions extending downwardly from two opposite ends of the top portion to partially cover two opposite lateral surfaces of each of the features, respectively, the cap layer on the first feature being spaced apart from the cap layer on the second feature; forming a sacrificial feature in a recess between the features; forming a sustaining layer to cover the sacrificial feature; and removing the sacrificial feature to form an air gap.

Abstract: An intravenous (IV) catheter assembly may include a catheter adapter and a catheter extending from the distal end of the catheter adapter. The intravenous (IV) catheter assembly may include an introducer needle. The elongated shaft may include a flashback notch, and the flashback notch may include a distal end and a proximal end. The flashback notch may include a smooth tapered edge extending from the distal end in a direction that increases a depth of the flashback notch. The smooth tapered edge may extend along at least half of an entire length of the flashback notch between the distal end and the proximal end.

Abstract: A process for mechanical destructuring of cellulosic biomass was developed that makes use of a short application of high compression, impact, and shearing forces. The biomass may be destructured using a specific energy input that is less than 40% of the total combustible energy of the biomass. The destructured biomass, with or without saccharification and/or in-feed glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, may be used in feed applications.

Abstract: Methods for recombinant and enzymatic production of mogroside compounds and compositions containing mogroside compounds are provided by this invention.

Abstract: A constant voltage dimmable LED (Light Emitting Diode) driver is disclosed that is compatible with all types of dimmers, including conventional phase cut (TRIAC) dimmers, and behaves like a conventional constant voltage driver which can be connected to any size of LED load that has a matching voltage rating. The driver produces a continuous train of pulses for driving the LED load and obtains an averaged measure of the voltage at the AC input for controlling the duty cycle of the continuous train of pulses. Therefore, when the averaged measure of the voltage at the AC input is reduced by a dimmer, the duty cycle reduces, resulting in a dimmed LED. The driver can be created by adding a few components to a conventional wide input range AC-DC converter without or with very little modifications.

Abstract: A process for mechanical destructuring of cellulosic biomass was developed that makes use of a short application of high compression, impact, and shearing forces. The biomass may be destructured using a specific energy input that is less than 40% of the total combustible energy of the biomass. The destructured biomass, with or without saccharification and/or in-feed glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, may be used in feed applications.

Abstract: A constant voltage dimmable LED (Light Emitting Diode) driver is disclosed that is compatible with all types of dimmers, including conventional phase cut (TRIAC) dimmers, and behaves like a conventional constant voltage driver which can be connected to any size of LED load that has a matching voltage rating. The driver produces a continuous train of pulses for driving the LED load and obtains an averaged measure of the voltage at the AC input for controlling the duty cycle of the continuous train of pulses. Therefore, when the averaged measure of the voltage at the AC input is reduced by a dimmer, the duty cycle reduces, resulting in a dimmed LED. The driver can be created by adding a few components to a conventional wide input range AC-DC converter without or with very little modifications.

Abstract: A constant voltage dimmable LED (Light Emitting Diode) driver is disclosed that is compatible with all types of dimmers, including conventional phase cut (TRIAC) dimmers, and behaves like a conventional constant voltage driver which can be connected to any size of LED load that has a matching voltage rating. The driver produces a continuous train of pulses for driving the LED load and obtains an averaged measure of the voltage at the AC input for controlling the duty cycle of the continuous train of pulses. Therefore, when the averaged measure of the voltage at the AC input is reduced by a dimmer, the duty cycle reduces, resulting in a dimmed LED. The driver can be created by adding a few components to a conventional wide input range AC-DC converter without or with very little modifications.

Abstract: A constant voltage dimmable LED (Light Emitting Diode) driver is disclosed that is compatible with all types of dimmers, including conventional phase cut (TRIAC) dimmers, and behaves like a conventional constant voltage driver which can be connected to any size of LED load that has a matching voltage rating. The driver produces a continuous train of pulses for driving the LED load and obtains an averaged measure of the voltage at the AC input for controlling the duty cycle of the continuous train of pulses. Therefore, when the averaged measure of the voltage at the AC input is reduced by a dimmer, the duty cycle reduces, resulting in a dimmed LED. The driver can be created by adding a few components to a conventional wide input range AC-DC converter without or with very little modifications.

Abstract: The invention provides a topside beam. The topside beam comprises: an upper topside beam that is comprised of an upper web beam (10), an upper left wing beam (12) and upper right wing beam (11), wherein the section of the upper web beam (10) has a shape of an inverted “L”; the upper left wing beam (12) and the upper right wing beam (11) are oppositely connected to the two sides adjacent to the lower end of the upper web beam (10) respectively; the upper left wing beam (12) opposite to the upper web beam (10) inclines downwardly; and the upper right wing beam (11) is located at 90° with the upper web beam. And a lower topside beam that is comprised of a lower web beam (20) and a lower right wing beam (21), wherein the lower right wing beam (21) is connected to the right side adjacent to the upper end of the lower web beam (20); and the lower right wing beam (21) opposite to the lower web beam (20) inclines upwardly and is parallel to the upper left wing beam (12).

Abstract: The invention provides a topside beam. The topside beam comprises: an upper topside beam that is comprised of an upper web beam (10), an upper left wing beam (12) and upper right wing beam (11), wherein the section of the upper web beam (10) has a shape of an inverted “L”; the upper left wing beam (12) and the upper right wing beam (11) are oppositely connected to the two sides adjacent to the lower end of the upper web beam (10) respectively; the upper left wing beam (12) opposite to the upper web beam (10) inclines downwardly; and the upper right wing beam (11) is located at 90° with the upper web beam. And a lower topside beam that is comprised of a lower web beam (20) and a lower right wing beam (21), wherein the lower right wing beam (21) is connected to the right side adjacent to the upper end of the lower web beam (20); and the lower right wing beam (21) opposite to the lower web beam (20) inclines upwardly and is parallel to the upper left wing beam (12).

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for transmitting a message from a sender to an intended recipient. The method includes encrypting a message using a symmetric key, sending the encrypted message to an intended recipient without the symmetric key and providing the symmetric key to a third party. If the intended recipient signs and returns to the third party a receipt for the message, the method includes transferring, by the third party, the receipt to the sender and providing the symmetric key to the intended recipient.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for transmitting a message from a sender to an intended recipient. The method includes encrypting a message using a symmetric key, sending the encrypted message to an intended recipient without the symmetric key and providing the symmetric key to a third party. If the intended recipient signs and returns to the third party a receipt for the message, the method includes transferring, by the third party, the receipt to the sender and providing the symmetric key to the intended recipient.

Abstract: An ion implanter includes a wafer pad for supporting wafer thereon. The wafer pad is covered by a wafer coating having at least two layers with each layer composed of a different coating material. The top layer may be PTFE, PFA, FEP, or TEFLON polymer layer. The bottom layer may be a layer that is composed of a soft material with a low duometer reading or a vulcanized elastormer layer, or a silicon layer serving the function as a cushion layer. In general, the top layer is a protective layer that has a friction coefficient less than 0.6 and having a roughness less than 0.4 micron when operated in the implanter for loading and unloading the wafer from the wafer pad.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for filtering spam. In one aspect, the method is for filtering spam in a messaging system and includes confirming that a message sender can receive, sharing information indicating that the message sender can receive among a plurality of spam filters in the messaging system and using the information at a given one of the plurality of spam filters to determine if a message should be allowed without separately determining whether the message sender can receive.