Abstract: Disclosed is a resistive random access memory (RRAM). The RRAM includes a bottom electrode made of tungsten and a switching layer made of hafnium oxide disposed above the bottom electrode, wherein the switching layer includes a filament and one or more lateral regions including a doping material that are between a top region and a bottom region of the switching layer. The RRAM further includes a top electrode disposed above the switching layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus evaluates a map for autonomous driving. The method acquires pixel points of lane lines of a road in a static map; acquires pixel points of lane lines of the road in a real-time map; forms first fitted curves of the lane lines in the static map by fitting the acquired pixel points of the lane lines in the static map respectively; forms second fitted curves of the lane lines in the real-time map by fitting the acquired pixel points of the lane lines in the real-time map respectively; calculates fitted-curve-similarities between the first fitted curves and the corresponding second fitted curves; and evaluates the consistency of the static map and the real-time map based on the fitted-curve-similarities.

Abstract: Extrusion apparatus is employed in a co-extrusion process to produce a triangular-shaped barrel for a writing instrument. An inner layer of material is extruded in tubular form having a substantially circular cross-section. A coating layer of three strips of material, equally spaced one from the other, is co-extruded about the outer periphery of the inner layer. A combination of forces produced during the process is effective to distort the inner layer to form a product having a substantially triangular shape.