Abstract: A rust-removing composition comprises alkali metal hydrogen citrates, water, optionally citric acid, and optionally a thickener. The invention further provides a method for removing rust from rusted metal surfaces, concrete surfaces, and the siliceous surfaces of natural stone by applying the composition, allowing contact until substantially all of the rust is removed, and washing away the composition and dissolved rust with water.

Abstract: A hard-water-deposit-removing composition comprises the hydrochloride salt of a 2-aminocarboxylic acid, water, optionally a thickener, optionally an abrasive, and optionally a surfactant. The invention further provides a method for removing hard-water deposits from metal, glass, plastic, and ceramic surfaces by applying the composition, allowing contact until substantially all of the deposit is removed, and washing away the composition and dissolved deposit with water.

Abstract: Novel quaternary phosphonium tetrathiostannates and quaternary phosphonium hexathiodistannates are prepared by the reaction of a quaternary phosphonium salt with a tetrathiostannate or a hexathiodistannate salt.

Abstract: A grease composition having improved antifriction properties and improved extreme pressure properties comprising a thickened hydrocarbon lubricating oil, calcium carbonate and a novel quaternary phosphonium thiostannate, for example, hexadecyltri-n-butylphosphonium tetrathiostannate.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon lubricating oils with a tetrahydrocarbylammonium thiomolybdate having at least about 19 carbon atoms, such as dicocodimethylammonium thiomolybdate, solubilized in the oil are characterized by improved anti-friction properties.

Abstract: The presence of a minor amount of a tetrahydrocarbylammonium thiomolybdate containing at least about 15 carbon atoms, such as trioctylmethylammonium thiomolybdate, to a grease thickened with a substituted-urea composition substantially improves the extreme pressure properties of the grease.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium thiomolybdates are prepared in a two-phase reaction system by contacting an aqueous solution of a thiomolybdate salt with a solution of a quaternary ammonium salt in a water-immiscible organic solvent. For example, mixing a solution of dicocodimethylammonium chloride in toluene with an aqueous solution of potassium thiomolybdate results in a toluene solution containing dicocodimethylammonium thiomolybdate.

Abstract: Novel quaternary ammonium thiomolybdates are prepared by contacting an aqueous solution of a thiomolybdate salt with a solution of a water-insoluble quaternary ammonium salt in a water-immiscible organic solvent. For example, mixing a solution of dicocodimethylammonium chloride in toluene with an aqueous solution of potassium thiomolybdate results in a toluene solution containing dicocodimethylammonium thiomolybdate. These quaternary ammonium thiomolybdates find use as additives in motor oils and greases to enhance their antifriction characteristics.

Abstract: A process for preparing a liquid fuel composition which comprises liquefying coal, separating a mixture of phenols from said liquefied coal, converting said phenols to the corresponding mixture of anisoles, subjecting at least a portion of the remainder of said liquefied coal to hydrotreatment, subjecting at least a portion of said hydrotreated liquefied coal to reforming to obtain reformate and then combining at least a portion of said anisoles and at least a portion of said reformate to obtain said liquid fuel composition.

Abstract: A novel anisole mixture containing anisole and a mixture of alkyl anisoles and liquid hydrocarbon fuels containing said novel anisole mixture in an amount sufficient to increase the octane number of said liquid fuel composition.

Abstract: Diesel fuel compositions which contain minor amounts of azides having the formula:X=N.sup.+ =N.sup.-where X is selected from the group consisting of ##STR1## where R and R' can be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; alkyl straight- and branched chain hydrocarbons having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms; alkoxy groups having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms; aryl; aryloxy; nitro; hydroxy; halo; amino (except ortho to the azido); alkylamino; acyl groups having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms; alkylamido; and carbalkoxy. The minor amount of the azides in part improved cetane numbers (low ignition delay) to the diesel fuel.

Abstract: Gasoline motor fuel compositions which contain minor amounts of an aryl o-aminoazide, such as o-azidoaniline, to impart improved antiknock characteristics and greater oxidation stability to the gasoline.

Abstract: The octane requirement increase of a gasoline fired internal combustion engine is suppressed by the incorporation in the gasoline fed to the engine of a minor amount of cerium (III) or cerium (IV) 2-ethylhexanoate.

Abstract: Mites and insects, particularly aphids, are combated by applying as pest control agents one or more compounds of the structural formula ##STR1## in which R is tert.butylphenyl; tert.butyl; 3,5-dimethylphenyl; 1-methyl-1-phenylthioethyl; 1-methyl-1-methylthioethyl; 1-cyclohexylthio-1-methylethyl; 1-cyclohexylthiopropyl; 1-ethylthio-1-methylethyl; 1-ethylthiopropyl or 1-ethylthioethyl.

Abstract: Insects are combated selectively in the presence of other forms of animal life by applying to the locus of the insects an effective amount of 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzo[b]thienyl N-methylcarbamate, a compound with less mammalian toxicity than closely related carbamate insecticides.

Abstract: 2,1-Benzisothiazolyl N-lower alkyl- or N,N-di-lower alkylcarbamates are prepared from novel hydroxy-2,1-benzisothiazoles and alkoxy-2,1-benzisothiazoles. 2,1-Benzisothiazol-4-yl N-methylcarbamate is an effective insecticide.

Abstract: Mites and insects, particularly aphids, are combated by applying as pest control agents one or more compounds of the structural formula ##EQU1## in which R is tert.butylphenyl; tert.butyl; 3,5-dimethylphenyl; 1-methyl-1-phenylthioethyl; 1-methyl-1-methylthioethyl; 1-cyclohexylthio-1-methylethyl; 1-cyclohexylthiopropyl; 1-ethylthio-1-methylethyl; 1-ethylthiopropyl or 1-ethylthioethyl.