Patents by Inventor Gary Mak
Gary Mak has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
-
Publication number: 20240089004Abstract: A transmitter includes at least three tunable laser sources, an optical multiplexer, and a processor. The at least three tunable laser sources are configured to receive respective data streams, and to output respective Tx light beams at different respective carrier frequencies, modulated with the respective data streams. The optical multiplexer is configured to combine the multiple Tx light beams to produce a combined beam formed of the modulated Tx light beams at the different carrier frequencies, and to transmit the combined beam over an optical fiber. The processor is configured to receive a notification indicative of an interference occurring due to Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) in the optical fiber, and to modify at least one of the carrier frequencies responsively to the notification in order to mitigate the interference due to FWM.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 7, 2023Publication date: March 14, 2024Inventors: Gary Mak, Lenin Kumar Patra, Jamal Riani
-
Publication number: 20230358953Abstract: An optical modulator includes a photonic substrate a first modulator arm disposed on the photonic substrate. The first modulator arm is configured to modulate a first optical signal portion of an input optical signal at a first signal level. The optical modulator further includes a second modulator arm disposed on the photonic substrate. The second modulator arm is configured to modulate a second optical signal portion of the input optical signal at a second signal level that is different from the first signal level. The optical modulator further includes an optical combiner configured combine the first optical signal portion at the first signal level and the second optical signal portion at the second signal level to impart a target chirp onto the recombined optical signal. The target chirp is based on a signal level difference between the first signal level and the second signal level.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 5, 2023Publication date: November 9, 2023Inventors: Masaki Kato, Gary Mak, Samira Karimelahi
-
Publication number: 20230336248Abstract: An optical module includes a plurality of lasers, each of at least some of the lasers configured to be selectively turned on and turned off depending on a type of modulation to be used. Each laser corresponds to a respective wavelength. The optical module also includes an optical modulation system having a plurality of optical modulators. A reconfigurable optical network of the optical module is configured to selectively direct light from the plurality of lasers to the optical modulation system differently depending on the type of modulation to be used.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 19, 2023Publication date: October 19, 2023Inventors: Radhakrishnan NAGARAJAN, Masaki KATO, Gary MAK
-
Patent number: 10411829Abstract: Systems and methods for optical communication through air or space are disclosed. A method includes encoding one or more data frames with a data-link layer forward error correction (FEC) code to produce a plurality of encoded data frames and transmitting the plurality of encoded data frames from a transmitter (TX) to a receiver (RX) at least partially through air or space using a plurality of optical beams. The RX identifies a corrupted encoded data frame and reconstructs the corrupted encoded data frame using a data-link layer FEC decoder operating over a plurality of non-corrupted encoded data frames.Type: GrantFiled: August 17, 2015Date of Patent: September 10, 2019Assignee: Facebook, Inc.Inventors: Kevin Michael Birnbaum, Kevin Jerome Quirk, Hamid Hemmati, Chien-Chung Chen, Gary Mak
-
Publication number: 20170054527Abstract: Systems and methods for optical communication through air or space are disclosed. A method includes encoding one or more data frames with a data-link layer forward error correction (FEC) code to produce a plurality of encoded data frames and transmitting the plurality of encoded data frames from a transmitter (TX) to a receiver (RX) at least partially through air or space using a plurality of optical beams. The RX identifies a corrupted encoded data frame and reconstructs the corrupted encoded data frame using a data-link layer FEC decoder operating over a plurality of non-corrupted encoded data frames.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 17, 2015Publication date: February 23, 2017Inventors: Kevin Michael Birnbaum, Kevin Jerome Quirk, Hamid Hemmati, Chien-Chung Chen, Gary Mak
-
Patent number: 9577762Abstract: A method of controlling a multiple sub-carrier optical channel of an optical communications system. The multiple sub-carrier optical channel includes at least two sub-carriers modulated with respective sub-channel data streams within a spectral range allocated to a single optical channel of the optical communications system. A transmitter modem of the optical communications system applies a respective dither signal to each sub-carrier. A receiver modem of the optical communications system detects a respective quality metric of each sub-carrier. A respective optimum power level of each sub-carrier is estimated based on the applied dither signals and the detected quality metrics. A respective power level of each sub-carrier is then adjusted in accordance with the estimated respective optimum power level of each sub-carrier.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 2011Date of Patent: February 21, 2017Assignee: Ciena CorporationInventors: Gary Mak, Mohammad Sotoodeh
-
Patent number: 9548812Abstract: The invention pertains to methods, apparatus, and systems for controlling the sub-carrier frequencies in an optical frequency division multiplex communication system by using a metric available from the sub-carrier modem's digital receive block as an indicator of cross-talk between sub-carriers and adjusting the sub-carrier frequency separation as a function of that metric.Type: GrantFiled: April 13, 2016Date of Patent: January 17, 2017Assignee: Ciena CorporationInventors: Gary Mak, Edgar Velez
-
Publication number: 20160233954Abstract: The invention pertains to methods, apparatus, and systems for controlling the sub-carrier frequencies in an optical frequency division multiplex communication system by using a metric available from the sub-carrier modem's digital receive block as an indicator of cross-talk between sub-carriers and adjusting the sub-carrier frequency separation as a function of that metric.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 13, 2016Publication date: August 11, 2016Inventors: Gary MAK, Edgar VELEZ
-
Patent number: 9344307Abstract: The invention pertains to methods, apparatus, and systems for controlling the sub-carrier frequencies in an optical frequency division multiplex communication system by using a metric available from the sub-carrier modem's digital receive block as an indicator of cross-talk between sub-carriers and adjusting the sub-carrier frequency separation as a function of that metric.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 2009Date of Patent: May 17, 2016Assignee: Ciena CorporationInventors: Gary Mak, Edgar Velez
-
Patent number: 9294200Abstract: A modulator bias selection method, a coherent optical transmitter, and optical modulator solve the problem of generating a correct constellation using the bias points with the minimum phase adjustment range. The optimum modulator bias systems and methods include a coherent optical transmitter with control of four (XI, XQ, YI, YQ) quadrature data signals via a transmitter (Tx) application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), with a modulator bias controller which implements an algorithm to find the optimum bias points. The optimum bias points yield a correct constellation with minimum phase/bias adjustment. An algorithm is used to find the optimum bias solution using fast, simple method, adjusting only one quadrature at a time and exploiting a control feature of the Tx ASIC. This algorithm is significantly simpler than a generalized search, is a local algorithm, and uses only DC power measurement at the transmitter.Type: GrantFiled: May 13, 2015Date of Patent: March 22, 2016Assignee: Ciena CorporationInventors: Gary Mak, Yves Beaulieu, Mohammad Sotoodeh
-
Patent number: 9124364Abstract: A method of controlling an optical transmitter having a Dual Parallel Mach-Zehnder (DPMZ) modulator. An I-Q power balance between respective branches of the DPMZ modulator is detected, and at least one parameter of the DPMZ modulator is adjusted to drive the I-Q power balance to a predetermined target value. An optical transmitter may have Quad Parallel Mach-Zehnder (QPMZ) modulator having a pair of parallel DPMZ modulators for modulating respective X- and Y-polarization lights. In such cases, an X-Y power imbalance between the two polarization lights is detected, and at least one parameter of the QPMZ modulator is adjusted to drive the X-Y power imbalance to a predetermined value.Type: GrantFiled: May 30, 2012Date of Patent: September 1, 2015Assignee: CIENA CORPORATIONInventors: Mohammad Sotoodeh, Gary Mak, Yves Beaulieu
-
Publication number: 20150244468Abstract: A modulator bias selection method, a coherent optical transmitter, and optical modulator solve the problem of generating a correct constellation using the bias points with the minimum phase adjustment range. The optimum modulator bias systems and methods include a coherent optical transmitter with control of four (XI, XQ, YI, YQ) quadrature data signals via a transmitter (Tx) application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), with a modulator bias controller which implements an algorithm to find the optimum bias points. The optimum bias points yield a correct constellation with minimum phase/bias adjustment. An algorithm is used to find the optimum bias solution using fast, simple method, adjusting only one quadrature at a time and exploiting a control feature of the Tx ASIC. This algorithm is significantly simpler than a generalized search, is a local algorithm, and uses only DC power measurement at the transmitter.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 13, 2015Publication date: August 27, 2015Inventors: Gary Mak, Yves Beaulieu, Mohammad Sotoodeh
-
Patent number: 9059805Abstract: A modulator bias selection method, a coherent optical transmitter, and optical modulator solve the problem of generating a correct constellation using the bias points with the minimum phase adjustment range. The optimum modulator bias systems and methods include a coherent optical transmitter with control of four (XI, XQ, YI, YQ) quadrature data signals via a transmitter (Tx) application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), with a modulator bias controller which implements an algorithm to find the optimum bias points. The optimum bias points yield a correct constellation with minimum phase/bias adjustment. An algorithm is used to find the optimum bias solution using fast, simple method, adjusting only one quadrature at a time and exploiting a control feature of the Tx ASIC. This algorithm is significantly simpler than a generalized search, is a local algorithm, and uses only DC power measurement at the transmitter.Type: GrantFiled: April 11, 2013Date of Patent: June 16, 2015Assignee: Ciena CorporationInventors: Gary Mak, Yves Beaulieu, Mohammad Sotoodeh
-
Publication number: 20140308047Abstract: A modulator bias selection method, a coherent optical transmitter, and optical modulator solve the problem of generating a correct constellation using the bias points with the minimum phase adjustment range. The optimum modulator bias systems and methods include a coherent optical transmitter with control of four (XI, XQ, YI, YQ) quadrature data signals via a transmitter (Tx) application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), with a modulator bias controller which implements an algorithm to find the optimum bias points. The optimum bias points yield a correct constellation with minimum phase/bias adjustment. An algorithm is used to find the optimum bias solution using fast, simple method, adjusting only one quadrature at a time and exploiting a control feature of the Tx ASIC. This algorithm is significantly simpler than a generalized search, is a local algorithm, and uses only DC power measurement at the transmitter.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 11, 2013Publication date: October 16, 2014Applicant: CIENA CORPORATIONInventors: Gary Mak, Yves Beaulieu, Mohammad Sotoodeh
-
Publication number: 20130129348Abstract: A method of controlling a multiple sub-carrier optical channel of an optical communications system. The multiple sub-carrier optical channel includes at least two sub-carriers modulated with respective sub-channel data streams within a spectral range allocated to a single optical channel of the optical communications system. A transmitter modem of the optical communications system applies a respective dither signal to each sub-carrier. A receiver modem of the optical communications system detects a respective quality metric of each sub-carrier. A respective optimum power level of each sub-carrier is estimated based on the applied dither signals and the detected quality metrics. A respective power level of each sub-carrier is then adjusted in accordance with the estimated respective optimum power level of each sub-carrier.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 21, 2011Publication date: May 23, 2013Applicant: CIENA CORPORATIONInventors: Gary MAK, Mohammad SOTOODEH
-
Patent number: 7945226Abstract: A method for adaptive automatic gain control and an automatic gain control circuit are provided. A predetermined waveform is injected into the automatic gain control circuit. A signal is sampled at at least one point in the automatic gain control circuit in which the sampled signal includes the injected predetermined waveform. A small-signal control characteristic is calculated using the sampled at least one signal. A determination is made as to whether the calculated small-signal control characteristic is valid. In the case of a valid determination, the calculated small-signal control characteristic is used to adjust the gain of the automatic gain control circuit.Type: GrantFiled: March 25, 2008Date of Patent: May 17, 2011Assignee: Ciena CorporationInventor: Gary Mak
-
Publication number: 20100278536Abstract: The invention pertains to methods, apparatus, and systems for controlling the sub-carrier frequencies in an optical frequency division multiplex communication system by using a metric available from the sub-carrier modem's digital receive block as an indicator of cross-talk between sub-carriers and adjusting the sub-carrier frequency separation as a function of that metric.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 30, 2009Publication date: November 4, 2010Applicant: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITEDInventors: Gary Mak, Edgar Velez
-
Publication number: 20090247105Abstract: A method for adaptive automatic gain control and an automatic gain control circuit are provided. A predetermined waveform is injected into the automatic gain control circuit. A signal is sampled at at least one point in the automatic gain control circuit in which the sampled signal includes the injected predetermined waveform. A small-signal control characteristic is calculated using the sampled at least one signal. A determination is made as to whether the calculated small-signal control characteristic is valid. In the case of a valid determination, the calculated small-signal control characteristic is used to adjust the gain of the automatic gain control circuit.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 25, 2008Publication date: October 1, 2009Applicant: NORTEL NETWORKS LIMITEDInventor: Gary MAK
-
Patent number: 7483641Abstract: In a first broad aspect the invention provides an optical hybrid. The optical hybrid has an input for receiving an incoming optical signal containing data and a local oscillator optical signal and an output for releasing first and second output optical signals having a known phase relationship between them. In a specific and non-limiting example of implementation the phase relationship is 90 degrees. In this specific case the output signals are described as an in-phase and quadrature signals. The optical hybrid has an optical processing entity for deriving the first and second output optical signals from the incoming optical signal and the local oscillator signal. The optical processing entity including a loss element and a phase delay element for subjecting at least a component of an optical signal that exists in the processing entity to a known degree of attenuation and phase delay.Type: GrantFiled: July 7, 2004Date of Patent: January 27, 2009Assignee: Nortel Networks LimitedInventor: Gary Mak
-
Patent number: 6842561Abstract: A method for determining optical power in a WDM optical signal that includes extracting a representative portion of the optical signal with wavelengths within some band ? wherein ? is a subset of ?, the set of all channel wavelengths present in the optical signal and measuring the intensity of the extracted optical signal to determine the optical power per channel for any of the channels whose wavelengths are within the band ?.Type: GrantFiled: March 29, 2002Date of Patent: January 11, 2005Assignee: Nortel Networks LimitedInventors: Gary Mak, Shiguang Guo, Eric S. Maniloff