Abstract: A multi-domain cooling assembly configured to be coupled with one or more heat sources includes a body having an outer surface and at least one cooling chamber disposed inside the body. The at least one cooling chamber extends in at least two orthogonal dimensions and includes a working fluid to extract thermal energy from the one or more heat sources. The assembly includes a cooling channel disposed within the body and fluidly coupled with a passageway that carries cooling fluid into and out of the cooling channel. At least a portion of the cooling fluid is a liquid phase, a gas phase, or a liquid-gas mix phase. The cooling channel is fluidly separate from the at least one cooling chamber. The cooling channel is thermally coupled with the at least one cooling chamber. The at least one cooling chamber transfers thermal energy from the working fluid to the cooling fluid.

Abstract: A multi-domain cooling assembly configured to be coupled with one or more heat sources includes a body having an outer surface and at least one cooling chamber disposed inside the body. The at least one cooling chamber extends in at least two orthogonal dimensions and includes a working fluid to extract thermal energy from the one or more heat sources. The assembly includes a cooling channel disposed within the body and fluidly coupled with a passageway that carries cooling fluid into and out of the cooling channel. At least a portion of the cooling fluid is a liquid phase, a gas phase, or a liquid-gas mix phase. The cooling channel is fluidly separate from the at least one cooling chamber. The cooling channel is thermally coupled with the at least one cooling chamber. The at least one cooling chamber transfers thermal energy from the working fluid to the cooling fluid.

Abstract: A multi-domain cooling assembly configured to be coupled with one or more heat sources includes a body having an outer surface and at least one cooling chamber disposed inside the body. The at least one cooling chamber extends in at least two orthogonal dimensions and includes a working fluid to extract thermal energy from the one or more heat sources. The assembly includes a cooling channel disposed within the body and fluidly coupled with a passageway that carries cooling fluid into and out of the cooling channel. At least a portion of the cooling fluid is a liquid phase, a gas phase, or a liquid-gas mix phase. The cooling channel is fluidly separate from the at least one cooling chamber. The cooling channel is thermally coupled with the at least one cooling chamber. The at least one cooling chamber transfers thermal energy from the working fluid to the cooling fluid.

Abstract: An engine includes an air induction system for providing air to a plurality of cylinders, an exhaust system for conveying exhaust gas from the cylinders, and a secondary air injection (SAI) system for extracting air from the induction system and injecting the air into the exhaust system to promote exhaust gas oxidation and to heat a catalytic converter. The SAI system extracts air from the induction system through a plurality of holes to evenly distribute the effects of the extraction, thereby reducing velocity gradients and turbulence levels around the mass air flow sensor inside the induction system.

Abstract: A method of estimating temperature in an engine including estimating metal temperatures at each of a plurality of nodes and estimating a coolant temperature. The method further includes detecting a measured coolant temperature and determining a gain based on a difference between the estimated coolant temperature and the measured coolant temperature. The method adjusts the metal temperatures at each of the plurality of nodes based on the gain. The method estimates the metal temperatures of engine components without temperature sensors.

Abstract: A cooling system has a diverter valve to selectively control the flow of coolant through an internal combustion engine having a cylinder block with a cooling jacket and a cylinder head mounted on the block with a cooling jacket. A controller, responsive to the temperature of the block and the head, controls the diverter valve and a water pump to provide adequate coolant flow through the head and the block as needed to maintain optimal operating temperatures. After the engine is shut off, the controller continues to operate the water pump and a cooling fan to continue to cool the engine for a period of time.