Abstract: A basic therapeutic unit comprises an aqueous solution of copper associated with a skin- and tissue-penetration enabler. Topical application of the unit to the skin penetrates therethrough and through subjacent tissue so that the copper resides at the sites of spider veins for the alleviation or elimination thereof. The copper solution may be copper gluconate and the enabler may be a liposome. A quantity of these therapeutic units may be suspended in a cream or emollient. Additional substances, such as vasodilators, thickeners, preservatives and dispersants may be encapsulated by or contained in the bilayer of the liposome or may be added to the cream.

Abstract: A basic therapeutic unit comprises procaine hydrochloride encapsulated by a liposome. A quantity of the units are suspended in a cream or emollient carrier so that the therapeutic units may be topically applied to the skin for penetration therethrough and through subjacent blood vessel walls and entry into the circulatory system, following which the procaine and its metabolites pass the blood/brain barrier.