Abstract: A directional lamp comprises a light source, a beam forming optical system configured to form light from the light source into a light beam, and a light mixing diffuser arranged to diffuse the light beam. The light source, beam forming optical system, and light mixing diffuser are secured together as a unitary lamp. The beam forming optical system includes: a collecting reflector having an entrance aperture receiving light from the light source and an exit aperture that is larger than the entrance aperture, and a lens disposed at the exit aperture of the collecting reflector, the light source being positioned along an optical axis of the beam forming optical system at a distance from the lens that is within plus or minus ten percent of a focal length of the lens.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a bilaterally symmetrical light engine comprising first and second light emitting diode (LED) devices or planar LED device arrays facing opposite directions, and an envelope including phosphor spaced apart from and surrounding the bilaterally symmetrical light engine. The phosphor is effective to convert light emitted by the light engine to emission light. The bilaterally symmetrical light engine may be configured to emit light having a bilaterally symmetrical intensity distribution that is uniform except at emission angles within 10° of the symmetry plane of the bilaterally symmetrical light engine. Each of the first and second LED devices or planar LED device arrays may comprise at least one hemispherically emitting LED device including an LED chip and an encapsulant encapsulating the LED chip and shaped to refract light emitted by the LED chip into a uniform distribution over a hemispherical solid angle.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus comprising an at least substantially omnidirectional light assembly including an LED-based light source within a light-transmissive envelope. Electronics configured to drive the LED-based light source, the electronics being disposed within a base having a blocking angle no larger than 45°. A plurality of heat dissipation elements (such as fins) in thermal communication with the base and extending adjacent the envelope.

Abstract: A heat sink comprises a heat sink body, a reflective layer disposed over the heat sink body that has reflectivity greater than 90% for light in the visible spectrum, and a light transmissive protective layer disposed over the reflective layer that is light transmissive for light in the visible spectrum. The heat sink body may comprise a structural heat sink body and a thermally conductive layer disposed over the structural heat sink body where the thermally conductive layer has higher thermal conductivity than the structural heat sink body and the reflective layer is disposed over the thermally conductive layer. A light emitting diode (LED)-based lamp comprises the aforesaid heat sink and an LED module secured with and in thermal communication with the heat sink. The LED-based lamp may have an A-line bulb configuration, or may comprise a directional lamp in which the heat sink defines a hollow light-collecting reflector.

Abstract: A heat sink includes a thermally conductive layer comprising at least one of fullerenes and nanotubes disposed in a polymeric host. The thermally conductive layer may be disposed on a heat sink body, which may be thermally insulating and/or plastic, and may include surface area enhancing heat radiating structures, such as fins, with the thermally conductive layer being disposed over at least the surface area enhancing heat radiating structures. A light emitting diode (LED)-based lamp embodiment includes the heat sink and an LED module including one or more LED devices secured with and in thermal communication with the heat sink. A method embodiment includes forming the heat sink body and disposing the thermally conductive layer on the heat sink body. The disposing may comprise spray coating. An external energy field may be applied during spray coating to impart a non-random orientation to nanotubes in the polymeric host.

Abstract: A directional lamp comprises a light source, a beam forming optical system configured to form light from the light source into a light beam, and a light mixing diffuser arranged to diffuse the light beam. The light source, beam forming optical system, and light mixing diffuser are secured together as a unitary lamp. The beam forming optical system includes: a collecting reflector having an entrance aperture receiving light from the light source and an exit aperture that is larger than the entrance aperture, and a lens disposed at the exit aperture of the collecting reflector, the light source being positioned along an optical axis of the beam forming optical system at a distance from the lens that is within plus or minus ten percent of a focal length of the lens.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus comprising an at least substantially omnidirectional light assembly including an LED-based light source within a light-transmissive envelope. Electronics configured to drive the LED-based light source, the electronics being disposed within a base having a blocking angle no larger than 45°. A plurality of heat dissipation elements (such as fins) in thermal communication with the base and extending adjacent the envelope.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus comprises: an LED-based light source; a spherical, spheroidal, ovoid, egg-shaped, or toroidal diffuser generating a Lambertian light intensity distribution output at any point on the diffuser surface responsive to illumination inside the diffuser; and a base including a base connector. The LED based light source, the diffuser, and the base are secured together as a unitary LED lamp installable in a lighting socket by connecting the base connector with the lighting socket. The base is operatively connected with the LED based light source in the unitary LED lamp to electrically power the LED based light source using electrical power received at the base connector.

Abstract: A low watt ceramic metal halide lamp has a body with a discharge chamber disposed therein. First and second hollow legs extend from the discharge chamber and received first and second electrode assemblies, respectively, therethrough with first ends of the electrode assemblies disposed in spaced relation in the discharge chamber. Use of thin legs limits heat flux from the discharge chamber. Preferably, thin legs are defined by a load dissipation factor of the ceramic part being less than 0.065 mm2/watt. In addition, thermal conductance along the leg is controlled via a load dissipation factor of the molybdenum mandrel portion of the electrode assembly being maintained less than 0.0008 mm2/watt.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a bilaterally symmetrical light engine comprising first and second light emitting diode (LED) devices or planar LED device arrays facing opposite directions, and an envelope including phosphor spaced apart from and surrounding the bilaterally symmetrical light engine. The phosphor is effective to convert light emitted by the light engine to emission light. The bilaterally symmetrical light engine may be configured to emit light having a bilaterally symmetrical intensity distribution that is uniform except at emission angles within 10° of the symmetry plane of the bilaterally symmetrical light engine. Each of the first and second LED devices or planar LED device arrays may comprise at least one hemispherically emitting LED device including an LED chip and an encapsulant encapsulating the LED chip and shaped to refract light emitted by the LED chip into a uniform distribution over a hemispherical solid angle.

Abstract: According to a first embodiment, a light emitting diode (LED) light engine is described. The light emitting diode includes one or more LED devices disposed on a front side of an LED light engine substrate. A heat sink having a mating receptacle for the LED light engine is also provided. The LED light engine substrate and the mating receptacle of the heat sink define a tapered fitting by which the LED light engine is retained in the mating receptacle of the heat sink.

Abstract: A heat sink comprises a heat sink body, a reflective layer disposed over the heat sink body that has reflectivity greater than 90% for light in the visible spectrum, and a light transmissive protective layer disposed over the reflective layer that is light transmissive for light in the visible spectrum. The heat sink body may comprise a structural heat sink body and a thermally conductive layer disposed over the structural heat sink body where the thermally conductive layer has higher thermal conductivity than the structural heat sink body and the reflective layer is disposed over the thermally conductive layer. A light emitting diode (LED)-based lamp comprises the aforesaid heat sink and an LED module secured with and in thermal communication with the heat sink. The LED-based lamp may have an A-line bulb configuration, or may comprise a directional lamp in which the heat sink defines a hollow light-collecting reflector.

Abstract: A light engine comprises a plurality of light emitting diode (LED) devices arranged in a plane and a corresponding plurality of reflector cups wherein each LED device is disposed in a corresponding reflector cup and wherein the light engine does not include either a diffuser or a light mixing cavity. A directional lamp comprises the aforesaid light engine and an imaging lens arranged to generate an image of the light engine at about infinity. The directional lamp may further include a collecting reflector (for example, a conical, parabolic, or compound parabolic reflector) extending between a relatively narrower entrance aperture at which the light engine is disposed and a relatively wider exit aperture at which the imaging lens is disposed. The imaging lens may be arranged to generate a defocused image of the light engine at about infinity to soften the beam edge.

Abstract: A heat sink comprises a heat sink body, which in some embodiments is a plastic heat sink body, and a thermally conductive layer disposed over the heat sink body. In some embodiments the thermally conductive layer comprises a copper layer. A light emitting diode (LED)-based lamp comprises the aforementioned heat sink and an LED module including one or more LED devices in which the LED module is secured with and in thermal communication with the heat sink. Some such LED-based lamps may have an A-line bulb configuration or an MR or PAR configuration. Disclosed method embodiments comprise forming a heat sink body and disposing a thermally conductive layer on the heat sink body. The forming may comprise molding the heat sink body, which may be plastic. In some method embodiments the heat sink body includes fins and the disposing includes disposing the thermally conductive layer over the fins.

Abstract: A directional lamp comprises a light source, a beam forming optical system configured to form light from the light source into a light beam, and a light mixing diffuser arranged to diffuse the light beam. The light source, beam forming optical system, and light mixing diffuser are secured together as a unitary lamp. The beam forming optical system includes: a collecting reflector having an entrance aperture receiving light from the light source and an exit aperture that is larger than the entrance aperture, and a lens disposed at the exit aperture of the collecting reflector, the light source being positioned along an optical axis of the beam forming optical system at a distance from the lens that is within plus or minus ten percent of a focal length of the lens.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus comprises: an LED-based light source; a spherical, spheroidal, or toroidal diffuser generating a Lambertian light intensity distribution output at any point on the diffuser surface responsive to illumination inside the diffuser; and a base including a base connector. The LED based light source, the diffuser, and the base are secured together as a unitary LED lamp installable in a lighting socket by connecting the base connector with the lighting socket. The diffuser is shaped and arranged respective to the LED based light source in the unitary LED lamp to conform with an isolux surface of the LED based light source. The base is operatively connected with the LED based light source in the unitary LED lamp to electrically power the LED based light source using electrical power received at the base connector.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus comprises: an LED-based light source; a spherical, spheroidal, ovoid, egg-shaped, or toroidal diffuser generating a Lambertian light intensity distribution output at any point on the diffuser surface responsive to illumination inside the diffuser; and a base including a base connector. The LED based light source, the diffuser, and the base are secured together as a unitary LED lamp installable in a lighting socket by connecting the base connector with the lighting socket. The base is operatively connected with the LED based light source in the unitary LED lamp to electrically power the LED based light source using electrical power received at the base connector.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus comprising an at least substantially omnidirectional light assembly including an LED-based light source within a light-transmissive envelope. Electronics configured to drive the LED-based light source, the electronics being disposed within a base having a blocking angle no larger than 45°. A plurality of heat dissipation elements (such as fins) in thermal communication with the base and extending adjacent the envelope.