Abstract: Pixels in an array of image sensor pixels contain photo-sensors and circuits having inputs connected to the photosensors. The circuits have feedback loops for reducing fixed pattern noise in the array. Output from each pixel is used to latch a multibit counter value supplied by a global counter. Each feedback loop preferably includes a pair of alternately-toggling switching transistors to minimize unwanted charge injection. An image sensor according to the invention can be used for, e.g., motion sensing.

Abstract: Power management is provided in a user operated data input device utilizing proximity sensing and switching between three or more power states. Switching between the power states occurs based upon the presence or absence of input activity, and an operation instrumentality (e.g., a hand) in close proximity to or contact with the device. Capacitive proximity sensing is carried out be detecting a relative change in the capacitance of a “scoop” capacitor formed by a conductor and a surrounding ground plane. In an optical surface tracking cursor control device embodiment, switching to and from a BEACON state, which provides a reduced flash rate of a surface illuminating light source, is carried out based upon a detected presence or absence of a trackable surface.

Abstract: A method and a pointing device are provided for reporting a movement amount of an operation instrumentality of the pointing device. A first value representing the movement amount in a first direction is examined. Whether scaling should be performed is determined based on the first value. When it is determined that scaling is to be performed, the first value is scaled by a first scaling factor and a first scaling indicator is set to indicate that the first value is scaled by the first scaling factor. Reporting information is then output, including the first value if scaling has not been performed, and when scaling has been performed, the reporting information includes the scaled first value and the first scaling indicator. The first value may be scaled by one of a plurality of scaling factors selected based on the first value.

Abstract: Power management is provided in a user operated data input device utilizing proximity sensing and switching between three or more power states. Switching between the power states occurs based upon the presence or absence of input activity, and an operation instrumentality (e.g., a hand) in close proximity to or contact with the device. Capacitive proximity sensing is carried out by detecting a relative change in the capacitance of a “scoop” capacitor formed by a conductor and a surrounding ground plane. In an optical surface tracking cursor control device embodiment, switching to and from a BEACON state, which provides a reduced flash rate of a surface illuminating light source, is carried out based upon a detected presence or absence of a trackable surface.

Abstract: A pointing device is provided for reporting motion information about the pointing device. Counts representing movement in two dimensions are processed so that a packet data stream may accommodate the motion information. One aspect of the invention utilizes the value of count to determine whether compression of the motion information should be performed. When it is determined that compression should be performed, a compression function is selected, the count is processed by the compression function, and an indicator is set to indicate that the count is processed by the compression function. Reporting information, which includes the processed count and the indicator, is then transmitted to computer system. A user input interface that is associated with the computer system recovers the counts using appropriate inverse functions in accordance with the indicators.

Abstract: A method and a pointing device are provided for reporting a movement amount of an operation instrumentality of the pointing device. A first value representing the movement amount in a first direction is examined. Whether scaling should be performed is determined based on the first value. When it is determined that scaling is to be performed, the first value is scaled by a first scaling factor and a first scaling indicator is set to indicate that the first value is scaled by the first scaling factor. Reporting information is then output, including the first value if scaling has not been performed, and when scaling has been performed, the reporting information includes the scaled first value and the first scaling indicator. The first value may be scaled by one of a plurality of scaling factors selected based on the first value.

Abstract: Capacitive proximity sensing is carried out by detecting a relative change in the capacitance of a “scoop” capacitor formed by a conductor and a surrounding ground plane. Charge is transferred between the “scoop” capacitor and a relatively large “bucket” capacitor, and a voltage of the bucket capacitor is applied to an input threshold switch. A state transition (e.g., from low to high, or high to low) of the input threshold switch is detected and a value (TouchVal) indicative of a number of cycles of charge transfer required to reach the state transition is determined. The presence or absence of an object or body portion in close proximity to or contact with a device can be determined by comparing TouchVal with a predetermined threshold value (TouchOff).

Abstract: Capacitive proximity sensing is carried out by detecting a relative change in the capacitance of a “scoop” capacitor formed by a conductor and a surrounding ground plane. The conductor may be a plate provided in the form of an adhesive label printed with conductive ink. Charge is transferred between the “scoop” capacitor and a relatively large “bucket” capacitor, and a voltage of the bucket capacitor is applied to an input threshold switch. A state transition (e.g., from low to high, or high to low) of the input threshold switch is detected and a value (TouchVal) indicative of a number of cycles of charge transfer required to reach the state transition is determined. The presence or absence of an object or body portion in close proximity to or contact with a device can be determined by comparing TouchVal with a predetermined threshold value (TouchOff).

Abstract: Power management is provided in a user operated data input device utilizing proximity sensing and switching between three or more power states. Capacitive proximity sensing may be carried out by detecting a relative change in the capacitance of a “scoop” capacitor formed by a conductor and a surrounding ground plane, wherein charge is transferred between the “scoop” capacitor and a relatively large “bucket” capacitor, a voltage of the bucket capacitor is applied to an input threshold switch, and a number of cycles of charge transfer required to reach the state transition is determined. Switching between the power states occurs based upon the presence or absence of input activity, and an operation instrumentality (e.g., a hand) in close proximity to or contact with the device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for smoothing cursor motion on a display is provided. In an embodiment of the invention, an indication of an amount of movement of an operation instrumentality of a pointing device in a first direction is received from the pointing device. At a reporting time, a predetermined portion of the amount of movement of the pointing device in the first direction is reported to a computer. In at least one subsequent reporting time, a remainder of the amount of the movement in the first direction is reported. Preferably, at least two reports are sent to the computer for each time an indication of the amount of movement of the pointing device is received from the pointing device. In addition to smoothing of cursor motion, higher rates of movement of the operation instrumentality can be reported for a given bit length of the reports as the total amount of movement is divided into separate smaller reports.

Abstract: A method and a pointing device are provided for reporting a movement amount of an operation instrumentality of the pointing device. A first value representing the movement amount in a first direction is examined. Whether scaling should be performed is determined based on the first value. When it is determined that scaling is to be performed, the first value is scaled by a first scaling factor and a first scaling indicator is set to indicate that the first value is scaled by the first scaling factor. Reporting information is then output, including the first value if scaling has not been performed, and when scaling has been performed, the reporting information includes the scaled first value and the first scaling indicator. The first value may be scaled by one of a plurality of scaling factors selected based on the first value.

Abstract: Capacitive proximity sensing is carried out by detecting a relative change in the capacitance of a “scoop” capacitor formed by a conductor and a surrounding ground plane. The conductor may be a plate provided in the form of an adhesive label printed with conductive ink. Charge is transferred between the “scoop” capacitor and a relatively large “bucket” capacitor, and a voltage of the bucket capacitor is applied to an input threshold switch. A state transition (e.g., from low to high, or high to low) of the input threshold switch is detected and a value (TouchVal) indicative of a number of cycles of charge transfer required to reach the state transition is determined. The presence or absence of an object or body portion in close proximity to or contact with a device can be determined by comparing TouchVal with a predetermined threshold value (TouchOff).

Abstract: Capacitive proximity sensing is carried out by detecting a relative change in the capacitance of a “scoop” capacitor formed by a conductor and a surrounding ground plane. The conductor may be a plate provided in the form of an adhesive label printed with conductive ink. Charge is transferred between the “scoop” capacitor and a relatively large “bucket” capacitor, and a voltage of the bucket capacitor is applied to an input threshold switch. A state transition (e.g., from low to high, or high to low) of the input threshold switch is detected and a value (TouchVal) indicative of a number of cycles of charge transfer required to reach the state transition is determined. The presence or absence of an object or body portion in close proximity to or contact with a device can be determined by comparing TouchVal with a predetermined threshold value (TouchOff).

Abstract: A process for encoding the movement of a computer pointing device to better control a cursor or other object on a display. The process makes use of two assumptions relating to illegal transitions (skipped states) that enables information relating to such illegal transitions to be included in the encoding process that samples states of a waveform produced by a detector in the pointing device. The first assumption refers to the directional ambiguity of a skipped state. When examined logically, it can be determined that this directional ambiguity need not be a concern, because a pointing device moving fast enough so that states are missed is realistically unable to reverse direction so fast that subsequent samples of the waveform would miss the reversal. Therefore, if a state is skipped, it is a reasonable assumption to assign the direction to the skipped state determined from the preceding samples.

Abstract: Capacitive proximity sensing is carried out by detecting a relative change in the capacitance of a “scoop” capacitor formed by a conductor and a surrounding ground plane. The conductor may be a plate provided in the form of an adhesive label printed with conductive ink. Charge is transferred between the “scoop” capacitor and a relatively large “bucket” capacitor, and a voltage of the bucket capacitor is applied to an input threshold switch. A state transition (e.g., from low to high, or high to low) of the input threshold switch is detected and a value (TouchVal) indicative of a number of cycles of charge transfer required to reach the state transition is determined. The presence or absence of an object or body portion in close proximity to or contact with a device can be determined by comparing TouchVal with a predetermined threshold value (TouchOff).