Abstract: It has been determined that the two systems that contribute to edge raggedness in producing electrophotographic images are the development and transfer systems. Conventional development systems cause wrong sign toner to be attracted to the edges of the formed characters. Conventional transfer systems utilize electrostatic transfer whereby large electric fields are applied across a small air gap. In order to reduce edge raggedness, wrong sign toner is eliminated during the development step by using tribolelectrically charged toner and electrostatic transfer is replaced with non-electrostatic transfer techniques, either thermal or pressure, or combinations thereof. In either event, the resistivity of the intermediate surface is preferably 10.sup.10 ohm-cm or lower. Significantly improved electrophotographic images result.

Abstract: An electrophotographic apparatus is provided with an electrically conductive voltage control bar between the photoconductor drum or belt and the developer or developer/cleaner roll. The voltage control bar prevents toner filming on said cleaning roll, and makes it possible for that roll to be made of an insulating material such as molded plastic.