Abstract: Structures and methods of fabrication thereof wherein the method selectively supplies electrons to a first electroactive material in the presence of a second electroactive material wherein the first and second electroactive materials have different redox potentials. The electrons are selectively supplied either by electrochemical means or by appropriately chosen reducing agents. A structure fabricated by these methods has a first electroactive body disposed on a second electroactive body wherein the first body has a pattern therein exposing at the base thereof the surface of the second electroactive material body. Electrons can be selectively supplied to the surface of the second electroactive material body which is exposed at the base of the pattern in the first electroactive material body. Upon exposing the structure to a seeding solution seed is selectively supplied to those regions to which electrons have been selectively supplied.