Abstract: Rosin esters having suitable color, color stability and/or odor to make them useful for non-woven applications, to non-woven products made from and/or comprising rosin esters, and to methods of making and using such rosin esters and products.

Abstract: A polyamide diol is prepared by the reaction of a diamine comprising a polymeric diamine and a non-polymeric diamine, dicarboxyic acid, and a hydroxy substituted carboxylic acid. A polyurethane is prepared by the reaction of the polyamide polyol with a diisocyanate.

Abstract: In the reaction of a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl halide with ammonia to produce 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine, the improvement which comprises effecting the reaction with from about 1 to 3 moles of ammonia per mole of the trifluoroethyl halide at a temperature of about 170.degree. to 240.degree. C. and a pressure less than about 300 psig in the presence of a substantially anhydrous inert solvent present in at least about the same molar amount as the trifluoroethyl halide. Advantageously the temperature is from about 200.degree. to 220.degree. C., the pressure is at most about 250 psig, the solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone present in at least about 3 times the molar amount of the trifluoroethyl halide, and the halide is the chloride.

Abstract: In the reaction of carbon tetrachloride with ethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising a phosphite ester and an iron-containing material to produce 1,1,1,3-tetrachloropropane, the improvement which comprises employing powdered iron as the iron-containing material. Thereby the carbon tetrachloride is converted in large amount and with high selectivity to the desired product. The reaction proceeds well even under milder conditions than with the catalysts of the prior art.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol which comprises reacting 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane with an alkali metal salt of a carboxylic acid in a substantially anhydrous aprotic solvent thereby to form the carboxylic acid ester of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and an alkali metal chloride, reacting the ester with the hydroxide or a basic salt of the alkali metal in water thereby to form 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid, separating the 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, and recycling the alkali metal salt of the carboxylic acid for further reaction. Advantageously the alkali metal salt is potassium acetate, the aprotic solvent is N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the reaction in the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is effected at about 150.degree. to 180.degree. C.