Abstract: A technique for automated design of a corneal surgical procedure includes topographical measurements of a patient's eye to obtain corneal surface topography. Conventional techniques are used to obtain the thickness of the cornea and the intraocular pressure. The topographical information is interpolated and extrapolated to fit the nodes of a finite element analysis model of the eye, which is then analyzed to predict the initial state of stress of the eye and obtain pre-operative curvatures of the cornea. Incision data constituting the "initial" surgical plan is incorporated into the finite element analysis model. A new analysis then is performed to simulate resulting deformations, stresses, and curvatures of the eye. They are compared to the original values thereof and to the vision objective. If necessary, the surgical plan is modified, and the resulting new incision data is entered into the model and the analysis is repeated. This procedure is repeated until the vision objectives are met.

Abstract: A keratotomy incision is formed in a cornea by manipulating an RK knife so that its blade extends a preselected depth into a point on the cornea. Sufficient force is applied by a surgeon's fingers to the knife to advance its blade in a preselected direction. Advancement of the blade is halted when resistance of the cornea against the blade exceeds a certain level. In one embodiment, a plurality of such incisions are formed in a predetermined pattern until a final incision is made wherein resistance of the cornea against the leading edge of the blade exceeds the particular level at the starting point for that final incision. The blade then is withdrawn from the cornea, whereby the plurality of incisions reduce strain in collagen fibrils of the cornea so as to correct a refractive error associated with such strain.

Abstract: A keratotomy incision is formed in a cornea manipulating an RK knife so that its blade extends a preselected depth into a preselected point on the cornea. Sufficient force is applied by a surgeon's fingers to the knife to advance its blade in a preselected direction. Advancement of the blade is halted when resistance of the cornea against the blade exceeds a certain level. A signal representative of the resistance is produced by a strain gauge or transducer in or on the knife. The level of the resistance is indicated on a display or audibly in response to the signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a joggers fluid weighted exercising jug having a handle and fluid weight chambers to each side or end thereof and a dispensing connection actuatable by the teeth of the jogger to partake of a nutritional liquid from within the jug without having to stop jogging. The overall geometric configuration of the jug generally resembles a dumbbell.