Abstract: An improved process for production of dialkyldithiophosphinic acid including sulfurizing a purified dialkylphosphinic acid by: reacting a hypophosphorous acid or salt with a stoichiometric excess of an alpha olefin in the presence of a free radical initiator to form a reaction product comprising monoalkylphosphinic acid and dialkylphosphinic acid; adding sufficient aqueous base to the reaction product to i) form the salts of the phosphinic acids, and ii) establish an aqueous phase and an organic phase, wherein a monoalkylphosphinic acid solubilizes into an aqueous phase; separating the organic phase from the aqueous phase; acidifying the organic phase and removing the olefin from the organic phase; isolating the purified dialkylphosphinic acid product; and sulfurizing the purified dialkylphosphinic acid product to form a dialkydithiophosphinic acid.

Abstract: An aqueous composition for treating hydrocarbon wells contains (a) a scale inhibitor and (b) a viscoelastic surfactant, and further contains from 0 to less than 1% by weight of acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, hydrofluoric acid, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Demulsifiers containing an anionic surfactant selected from alkylsulfosuccinates, alkylphosphonic acids, and their salts; a nonionic surfactant selected from ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymers, ethoxylated fatty acids of polyethylene glycol, terpene alkoxylates, and modified alkanolamides; and solvent bases comprising blends of dibasic esters. Methods for breaking emulsions using such demulsifiers and solvent bases are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for Internet protocol (IP) address discovery in a rapidly changing network environment is presented. A server and a client use an adaptive discovery polling process to determine an optimum heartbeat interval that minimizes network traffic and allows the server to monitor the client's source address. The client and server exchange discovery poll messages and heartbeat messages at varying time intervals in order to identify a computer network's timeout period or a network address translator's message block timeout period. Once the timeout period is identified, the client sends heartbeat messages to the server at an “optimum heartbeat interval” that is less than the identified timeout period in order to maintain the network connection. As a result, the server is able to send messages to the client without delay.

Abstract: A method for breaking an emulsion of oil and water comprising contacting the emulsion with a demulsifier comprising a terpene alkoxylate is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aminophosphonate mid functional co-polymer, or oligomer thereof, a method for its manufacture and a number of applications for it. The aminophosphonate co-polymer is of the formula (I): (A)a-[PO(OX)CR?2NR(R?NR)mCR?2—]nPO(OX)-(A)b; wherein: X is hydrogen or any suitable cation; each of the R groups, which may be the same or different, and each of the R? groups, which may be the same or different, is hydrogen, an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl or alkoxyalkyl group of 1-20 carbon atoms each of which may be optionally substituted once or more than once, R? is an alkane group, substituted alkane group or heterocyclic group; and wherein A is derived from any suitable monomer, a and b are the same and each is an integer from 1 to 1000 or a and b are different and one is zero or an integer from 1 to 1000 and the other is an integer from 1 to 1000, m is zero or from 1 to 100, and n is zero or from 1 to 100.

Abstract: A depolymerized-carboxyalkyl polysaccharide formed by de polymerizing a polysaccharide having from 0.5 to 3.0 degrees of substitution and reducing the molecular weight of said polysaccharide before or after said depolymerizing provides a biodegradable scale inhibitor useful to prevent deposition of scale comprising, for example, calcium, barium, sulfate and salts thereof. The depolymerized carboxyalkyl polysaccharide is particularly useful in off shore oil production squeeze treatments and in the treatment of scale formed in industrial water treatment.

Abstract: The invention provides the use of a metal complex, which is a complex of one or more metal atoms or ions with one or more ligands, as a catalyst in an organic transformation selected from hydrogenation of carbon-heteroatom double bonds, hydroformylation, dialkylzinc additions to aldehydes, hydrocarboxylation, allylic substitution, oxidation, epoxidation, dihydroxylation, Diels-Alder cycloadditions, dipolar cycloadditions and rearrangement reactions, wherein one or more of the ligands is a ligand of formula (1), wherein the bridge group is an organic functional group, and the R group is a substituted phenyl group, wherein the R group has only one substituent at the ortho position, and wherein a carbon atom of the R group bonds the R group to the P atom.

Abstract: A method for making a plant growth regulator includes the step of reacting vinyl chloride with a phosphorous reagent.

Abstract: An improved process for production of dialkyldithiophosphinic acid including sulfurizing a purified dialkylphosphinic acid by: reacting a hypophosphorous acid or salt with a stoichiometric excess of an alpha olefin in the presence of a free radical initiator to form a reaction product comprising monoalkylphosphinic acid and dialkylphosphinic acid; adding sufficient aqueous base to the reaction product to i) form the salts of the phosphinic acids, and ii) establish an aqueous phase and an organic phase, wherein a monoalkylphosphinic acid solubilizes into an aqueous phase; separating the organic phase from the aqueous phase; acidifying the organic phase and removing the olefin from the organic phase; isolating the purified dialkylphosphinic acid product; and sulfurizing the purified dialkylphosphinic acid product to form a dialkydithiophosphinic acid.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting silica/silicate scale in aqueous systems is disclosed which comprises the addition to an aqueous system of a scale inhibiting amount of an ester of (A) a carboxylic acid functional polymer obtained by polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic monomer or copolymerizing the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic monomer with one or more additional ethylenically unsaturated monomers and (B) a hydroxyl functional polyether obtained by reacting an alkyl alcohol with an alkylene oxide.

Abstract: A phosphorus-containing polymer is provided comprising the reaction product of a chain-transfer agent having at least one pH bond with an unsaturated carboxylic, phosphonic or sulphonic acid. The invention also provides the aforementioned phosphorus-containing polymer further comprising phosphorus-containing end-caps. The polymers have a biodegradability of at least 20% per 28 days (as determined by OECD 306).

Abstract: A polymer of formula (I) wherein: R and R? are each independently selected from hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl, aryl or alkaryl group or a hydroxy—or carboxy substituted—alkyl, aryl or alkaryl group provided that R and R? together have a total of less than 23 carbon atoms and n is greater than 1; X is hydrogen or a cation or an alkyl group; one of R2, R3, R4, R5 is a phosphonate or a sulphonate group and the remainder of R2, R3, R4, R5 are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, alkoxy, hydroxy, hydroxy or carboxy substituted alkyl, phosphonate or sulphonate groups and a is from 1 to 5; R6, R7, R8, R9 are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, hydroxy or carboxy substituted alkyl or carboxy groups and b is from 5 to 200. The polymer has uses in the fields of water treatment and corrosion inhibition.

Abstract: A hydrophilized fiber, comprising a fiber having a hydrophobic surface and a phosphinate compound according to formula (I): wherein A is an organic group comprising one or more monomeric units derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer or an organic group according to formula (II): A? is an organic group according to formula (III): B, R4, and R10 are each independently methylene or poly(methylene), which may optionally be substituted on one or more of such methylene units, and which may optionally be interrupted at one or more positions by an oxygen atom, R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9, R11, R12, and R13 are each independently H, alkyl, alkoxyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl or heterocyclyl, m, n, and n? are each independently 0 or an integer of from 1 to about 100, provided that m cannot be 0 if n? is 0, q and s are each independently 0 or an integer of from 1 to about 50, and p, r, and r? are each independently an integer of from 1 to about 20, or a salt thereof, disposed o

Abstract: An integrated intelligent finger scanner is used for reducing fraud in a healthcare program intended to exclusively benefit eligible individuals. The scanner has a finger scanner for acquiring the image of a finger, and data processing means for encoding the acquired image into biometric candidate data and for comparing the biometric candidate data with other data.

Abstract: A scale and corrosion inhibitor for use in the treatment of water comprises at least one oxyalkylene unit and at least one phosphonate unit (e.g. a unit derived prom a mono- or di-phosphonic acid such as VPA or VDPA). Inhibitors according to the present invention have been found to exhibit both scale-inhibiting and corrosion-inhibiting properties, especially in the treatment of cooling water and water used in oilfield applications.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein each of R and R′ are independently selected from hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl, aryl or alkaryl group or a hydroxy or carboxy substituted alkyl, aryl or alkaryl group, provided that R and R′, together have a total of less than 23 carbon atoms, R″ may either be hydrogen or a CHR═CR1 group or be selected from the same categories as R′″; R′″ is a group, or polymeric chain comprising from 1 to 100,000 groups, said group or groups being derived form at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound wherein the double bond is activated by an adjacent electron withdrawing group, and n is greater than 1 are novel, are useful corrosion inhibitors and are valuable intermediates in preparing telomers for use in water treatment.

Abstract: A scaled and corrosion inhibitor for the use in the treatment of water comprises at least one oxyalkylene unit and at least one phosphonate unit (e.g. a unit derived from a mono- or di-phosphonic acid such as VPA or VDPA). Inhibitors according to the present invention have been found to exhibit both scale-inhibiting and corrosion-inhibiting properties, especially in the treatment of cooling water and water used in oilfield applications.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein each of R and R′ are independently selected from hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl, aryl or alkaryl group or a hydroxy or carboxy substituted alkyl, aryl or alkaryl group, provided that R R′, together have a total of less than 23 carbon atoms, R″ may either be hydrogen or a CHR═CR1 group or be selected from the same categories as R′″; R′″ is a group, or polymeric chain comprising from 1 to 100,000 groups, said group or groups being derived form at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound wherein the double bond is activated by an adjacent electron withdrawing group, and n is greater than 1 are novel, are useful corrosion inhibitors and are valuable intermediates in preparing telomers for use in water treatment.

Abstract: Organophosphines of the formula (R)aP(H)3−a( where R is C1-C20 alkyl, alkenyl, alkaryl or styryl and a is 1, 2, or 3) are produced by (i) reacting a tris(hydroxyorgano)phosphine (THP) with an organic halogen containing compound; (ii) reacting the product of (i) with a base; (iii) removing aldehydes from the product of (ii) and adding an organic phase, followed by distillation or phase-separation to obtain the desired product.