Abstract: A specimen to be tested for resistance to abrasion is optically scanned prior to abrasion to produce a first array of pixels. The specimen then is abraded under controlled conditions and scanned again after abrasion to produce a second array of pixels. The sections of the two arrays which relate to the specimen are registered to each other. Corresponding pixels for the specimen in each array are compared to produce plurality of values indicating the difference between the pixels. The difference values are used to quantify the abrasion in various defined regions of the specimen. The quantifying employs the difference values to determine an average magnitude, a mean square energy, and an average voltage of the abrasion. A contour map of the specimen is displayed to graphically show the degree of abrasion in the regions.

Abstract: A holder is shown for flat specimens which are to be tested for the abrasion resistance of coatings or printed matter. In one embodiment, the holder is formed with block members with pads placed therebetween for reception of the specimens in face-to-face contact. The block members have curved surfaces at the ends to simulate the motion of transportation when utilized in conjunction with an abrasion testing machine. A retainer strap has flanges for engaging curved end portions of the blocks to aid in retaining them in contact. A method of testing flat specimens is also described.

Abstract: A holder is shown for empty beverage cans which are to be tested for the abrasion resistance of coatings on the cans. In one embodiment, the holder is formed with an elastomer shell which is received in an empty can. An expander is inserted in a longitudinal opening in the shell and is rotated to engage cam surfaces on both the shell and holder thereby expanding the shell into contact with the empty can. The pressure exerted by the expanded shell simulates that of the contents of a beverage can. In a second embodiment the elastomer shell has a conical opening which receives a similarly conically shaped expander which expands the shell in all directions as it is forced longitudinally into the shell. A strap holds three cans and their holders together by engaging projections into shaped recesses in the tops of the expanders.

Abstract: An abrasion testing machine has a vibrating horizontal platform which supports a six pack of test specimens, such as beverage cans. Hydraulic cylinder controlled pressure plates are applied to the sides of the array of test specimens and to the top of the array as the specimens are vibrated. The amount of pressure is controllable by a control cylinder for each of the pressure cylinders and the speed and magnitude of vibration is adjustable by controlling motor speed and the position of an adjustable linkage between the motor and the platform.