Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods for extracting signal differences from sparse data sets. Data sets for comparison, including a control data set and one or more test data sets, may be normalized and separated into subsets or groupings via a MapReduce function. Normalization may account for large values present in both control and test data sets that would otherwise reduce the significance of smaller correlated values, creating false negatives. The MapReduce may provide identification and analysis of correlations between sets via related entities. Accordingly, via the systems and methods discussed herein, a computing device may extract statistically significant differences between data sets, without requiring extensive entity by entity comparison (or entity to every entity comparison, which, for a data set of millions of entities, may be too computationally expensive or take too long), reducing memory footprint and processor requirements.

Abstract: A media server provides media items to clients via a network. In some instances, limited network performance of the network makes streaming or on-demand downloading of media items infeasible. In these instances, the media server automatically provides media items to clients for download as network performance allows. Media items may be provided to clients without interrupting the activities of users of the clients, and without active monitoring or watching by users. Clients may issue notifications to users when provided media items are ready for presentation, and clients may present the media items for users to consume.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to notifying a first entity of an online content platform about second entities. In some implementations, a first entity's online content platform account can be accessed. An algorithm can be applied to data of the account profile to determine a plurality of current second entities related to the first entity. A list of second entities stored prior to the determination can be retrieved from a memory element. The plurality of current second entities can be compared with the retrieved list of second entities to identify a new second entity based on the comparison. A notification can be provided to the first entity indicating an occurrence of the new second entity.

Abstract: An online system determines a client device associated with a user that is to receive a new notification. The client device presents the notification and receives an input to forward the notification to a different client device and/or a different application. The client device sends a request to the online system to forward the notification. The online system determines a list of available client devices and/or available applications that are able to receive a forwarded version of the notification and provides the list to the client device for selection. Upon receiving a selection, the client device sends the selection to the online system which generates the forward notification that is appropriate for the selected client device and/or selected application. Thus, the online system avoids over-notifying a user, while also enabling the user to consume the content of the notification according to his/her preferences.

Abstract: A method for multiple entity merge in a content sharing platform is disclosed. The method includes identifying two or more entities associated with an object of a social network. The method further includes, for each of the identified two or more entities, determining an affinity score between the entity and a user to which the object is presented on the social network. The method also includes applying a function to the determined affinity scores to generate a combined affinity score for the object.

Abstract: A method for ranking comments includes receiving a request for a media item; obtaining a plurality of comments associated with the media item; and for each of the plurality of comments, identifying an entity that provided a respective comment; and identifying an attribution score for the entity, the attribution score based on a quantity of responses attributed to a sharing message pertaining to the media item, the responses representing consumption of the media item. The method further includes determining ranking scores for the plurality of comments based on corresponding attribution scores; and providing the media item and at least a portion of the plurality of comments to be displayed in an order defined by the ranking scores.

Abstract: Recommending channels is disclosed. A method for recommending a channel includes identifying multiple component channels of a content platform. The method further includes generating a user interest score for the user for each of the component channels. The method further includes defining a composite channel that includes a subset of the component channels. The method further includes providing a recommendation to the user to subscribe to the composite channel.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and media for generating contextually relevant messages are provided. In some embodiments, a method for generating contextually relevant messages is provided, the method comprising: requesting content from a content source; receiving a content item; causing the content item to be presented using a display device; causing an endorsement indication corresponding to an endorsing user to be concurrently presented with the content item, wherein a user associated with the request for content and the endorsing user are social connections; receiving user input selecting the endorsement indication; causing a temporary messaging interface including a temporary message from the user to the endorsing user to be presented; causing a permanent message to be created based on the temporary message and received user input; and causing the permanent message to be presented to the endorsing user.

Abstract: An online system determines a client device associated with a user that is to receive a new notification. The client device presents the notification and receives an input to forward the notification to a different client device and/or a different application. The client device sends a request to the online system to forward the notification. The online system determines a list of available client devices and/or available applications that are able to receive a forwarded version of the notification and provides the list to the client device for selection. Upon receiving a selection, the client device sends the selection to the online system which generates the forward notification that is appropriate for the selected client device and/or selected application. Thus, the online system avoids over-notifying a user, while also enabling the user to consume the content of the notification according to his/her preferences.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and media for indicating viewership of a video are provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises: identifying a video; identifying a group of users connected to a first user of a user device; determining, for each user in the group of users, an affinity score, wherein the affinity score indicates an interaction of the user with the identified video; receiving a request to present, on the user device, a page that includes an indication of the video; in response to receiving the request, determining contextual information related to the request; identifying a subset of users in the group of users connected to the first user based on the affinity score associated with each user and the contextual information; and causing a group of indicators corresponding to the subset of users to be presented on the user device in connection with the indication of the video.

Abstract: Content hosting architectures and/or social networking architectures can be improved by, e.g., unifying the two architectures to some extent. Services or features from both can be leveraged to provide an ecosystem that can be superior or preferred by users or consumers. For example, premium content that typically must be purchased via a transaction with the content hosting service can be accessed by certain users that have not purchased the premium content provided those users have a social relationship with one that has purchased the premium content, which can be determined based on data managed by the social networking service.

Abstract: A purification apparatus includes a radio frequency (RF) signal source that generates an RF signal, first and second electrodes, and a conduit. The first electrode receives the RF signal and converts it into electromagnetic energy that is radiated by the first electrode. The conduit includes input and output ports and a chamber. The input and output ports are in fluid communication with the chamber, and the chamber is configured to receive an electrodeless bulb. The chamber is defined by first and second boundaries that are separated by a distance that is less than the wavelength of the RF signal so that the chamber is sub-resonant. The first electrode is physically positioned at the first boundary, and the second electrode is physically positioned at the second boundary. The first and second electrodes and the chamber form a structure that capacitively couples the electromagnetic energy into an electrodeless bulb within the chamber.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing third-party content can include a data processing system receiving criteria defining online activities of an online activity type related to a product or service context from a computing device of a third-party content provider. The data processing system can identify a cluster of client devices based on the defined online activities, and determine a subset of keywords associated with the defined online activities and the identified cluster of client devices. The data processing system can determine a performance metric of the subset of keywords based on the cluster of client devices, and provide the subset of keywords and the performance metric to the computing device. The data processing system can receive from the computing device a parameter value of a first keyword of the subset of keywords to use in selecting content items of the third-party content provider associated with the first keyword.

Abstract: A content server stores digital content including video, audio, image, animation, or text content. The content server receives requests to access digital content at a URI, which includes a content identifier specifying a digital content item and, optionally, a playlist identifier specifying a playlist containing the digital content item. The content server obtains a canonical playlist that uniquely contains the specified digital content item out of all canonical playlists and generates a canonical URI containing a canonical playlist identifier and the digital content item identifier. The content server incorporates this canonical URI into metadata associated with the digital content. When the digital content is presented through a content distributor, the associated metadata indicates the canonical playlist and optionally a next digital content item from the canonical playlist.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and media for generating contextually relevant messages are provided. In some embodiments, a method for generating contextually relevant messages is provided, the method comprising: requesting content from a content source; receiving a content item; causing the content item to be presented using a display device; causing an endorsement indication corresponding to an endorsing user to be concurrently presented with the content item, wherein a user associated with the request for content and the endorsing user are social connections; receiving user input selecting the endorsement indication; causing a temporary messaging interface including a temporary message from the user to the endorsing user to be presented; causing a permanent message to be created based on the temporary message and received user input; and causing the permanent message to be presented to the endorsing user.

Abstract: A method for managing collaborative playlists is disclosed. The method includes providing, by a processing device, indication regarding one or more available collaborative guidance controls, receiving, by the processing device, first user specification that one or more of the collaborative guidance controls be set for a playlist, receiving, at the processing device, second user suggestion for addition to the playlist of one or more content items, and checking, at the processing device, the one or more content items for compliance with the first-user-specified collaborative guidance controls.

Abstract: Implementations relate to an image cache used for replacing portions of images. In some implementations, a method includes examining a received image and detecting a subject depicted in a subject portion of the received image. The method determines a likelihood that the subject portion will be used as a replacement to be inserted in place of one or more corresponding subject portions in future images examined at a later time. The subject portion, or a reference thereto, is stored in an image cache in response to the determined likelihood being greater than a predetermined threshold. The image cache is available to be searched for the subject portion and other portions of images to replace corresponding portions of future images.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and media for controlling access to content are provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises: receiving a request to modify a first access list associated with a container item, wherein the first access list indicates a set of users that are authorized to access the container item; identifying the first access list in response to the request; accessing a second access list associated with a content item embedded in the container item, wherein the second access list indicates a set of users that are authorized to access the content item; modifying the first access list to filter out users from the first access list that are not included in the second access list; and storing the first access list such that the first access list is accessible to a host of the container item to verify that a requesting user is authorized to access the container item.

Abstract: A support evaluation device (10) comprising a series of pressure sensors in a stack (16), output means (34a, 34b, 34c) linked to the pressure sensors for indicating signals therefrom, and a power source, the series of pressure sensors including at least first and second pressure sensors within the stack (16), operational across respective first and second pressure bands, each pressure sensor including first and second electrical conductors (18, 20, 24, 28), and an insulator (22, 26, 30) separating the electrical conductors (18, 20, 24, 28), the pressure sensors being adapted to signal whether there is contact between their electrical conductors (18, 20, 24, 28), and the output means (34a, 34b, 34c) being adapted to provide at least one of an audio or visual output corresponding to signals from the pressure sensors, in use indicating the pressure band reached for a patient sat on the device (10), each pressure band corresponding to a predetermined cushion strength for prescribing a cushion to that patient.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and media for indicating viewership of a video are provided. In some embodiments, the method comprises: identifying a video; identifying a group of users connected to a first user of a user device; determining, for each user in the group of users, an affinity score, wherein the affinity score indicates an interaction of the user with the identified video; receiving a request to present, on the user device, a page that includes an indication of the video; in response to receiving the request, determining contextual information related to the request; identifying a subset of users in the group of users connected to the first user based on the affinity score associated with each user and the contextual information; and causing a group of indicators corresponding to the subset of users to be presented on the user device in connection with the indication of the video.