Abstract: An X-ray line detector where signals from detector elements are selectively combined in dependence on the deflection angle of the X-ray beam from the X-ray source and an object carrier.

Abstract: In an X-ray analysis apparatus provided with a detector comprising photodiode-detection elements, it is possible to eliminate the dark current and the background current from the measurement signals due to the fact that elements in the signal reading device can be combined. Due to the fact that also during the measurement at a stationary peak beside the signal amplitude also signal ratios can be obtained from combinations of detector elements, the correct position and amplitude of the peaks to be measured can be determined. The detector can also be provided with mutually separated detector elements which have such a surface area and configuration that the dark surrent can already be compensated thereby.

Abstract: In an X-ray analysis apparatus, a specimen to be examined is mounted on the circumference of a focusing cylinder, which can be rolled along an auxiliary cylinder arranged concentrically around the beam focus of an X-ray beam. Independently of the movement mechanism used, a fixed part of the specimen then remains continuously in the beam path. Invariably the same surface area of the specimen is irradiated by the X-ray beam. The movement mechanism may have added to it a device by means of which during the movement of the specimen and the detector the detector is continuously optimally directed to the specimen. The specimen holder may have added to it a device for rotating and/or tilting a specimen included therein.

Abstract: A spectrometer includign a flame atomiser (7) is provided with a sample diluter comprising a mixing vessel (1) having a diluent supply channel (20) and a sample supply tube (10). The mixing vessel (1) has a converging lower portion (2) to which a outlet tube (5) is connected, the outlet tube feeding a mixture of sample and diluent to a nebuliser (47). The sample supply tube (10) is aligned with and spaced from the outlet tube (5). Sample liquid from the sample supply tube (10) passes into the outlet tube (5) as a central core (29) entrained in a sheath of diluent. The sample and diluent flow through the tube (5) with a laminar flow due to the profile of the mixing vessel (1) thus preventing the sample liquid from coming into contact with the wall of the outlet tube (5). Consequently memory effects are reduced.

Abstract: In a radiation detector two photocathodes are provided one on either side of a channel amplifier plate. One of these photocathodes is provided, so as to be electrically floating, on a layer of a dielectric on the opposite surface of which an electrode is provided, the lateral conductivity of this photocathode being low either owing to its subdivision into electrically isolated areas or owing to the choice of material.The potential distribution in the detector can be reversed from a write-in situation to a read-out situation so that the channel plate can be used twice and the amplification is subdivided, enabling it to be increased to a higher level.