Abstract: The invention provides a therapeutic agent for respiratory diseases, which is based on a new activity mechanism of the antagonism to the P2X4 receptor and by which fewer adverse activities of the existing ?-stimulants on the cardiovascular system can be expected. The therapeutic agent of the invention is antagonistic to the P2X4 receptor present in bronchial smooth muscle and is used for the treatment of respiratory diseases caused by bronchocontraction such as asthma.

Abstract: A fender apparatus for use with a saddle type vehicle having a vehicle body, an internal combustion engine mounted on the vehicle body, a driver's seat mounted on the vehicle body and a pair of rear wheels mounted on the vehicle body. The fender apparatus comprises a rear fender having a downwardly bent front wall located to the inside of the position of the rear wheel on each side of the vehicle body, such that air flows rearward past the engine and through the through openings to dissipate heat generated by the engine.

Abstract: An arrangement of an engine radiator in a straddled type vehicle such as a four-wheel buggy vehicle is improved in that an aperture is formed in the rear wall of each front wheel fender, a first louver is disposed so as to cover the front side of the aperture for achieving a mud-guard function and also introducing running wind flowing along the inner surface of the fender into the aperture, each of engine radiator units which jointly form an engine radiator is supported from a vehicle body frame so as to be positioned behind the first louver as opposed to the aperture, and a second louver is disposed so as to cover the rear side of each engine radiator unit for guiding warm running wind which has passed through the engine radiator unit outwards in the widthwise direction of the vehicle body frame.