Patents by Inventor Geoffrey A Cranch
Geoffrey A Cranch has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 11290212Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems for calculating time delays by a Wasserstein approach are provided. A plurality of signals are recorded by a plurality of sensors (three or more), respectively, and received at a controller. The plurality of signals recorded by the plurality of sensors are generated in response to a signal emitted by a source. The plurality of signals are converted into a plurality of probability density functions. A cumulative distribution transform for each of the plurality of probability density functions is calculated. A time delay for each unique pair of the plurality of sensors is calculated by minimizing a Wasserstein distance between two cumulative distribution transforms corresponding to the unique pair of the plurality of sensors.Type: GrantFiled: June 18, 2020Date of Patent: March 29, 2022Assignee: The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Meredith N. Hutchinson, Jonathan M. Nichols, Gustavo K. Rohde, Nicole Menkart, Geoffrey A. Cranch
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Publication number: 20210281361Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems for calculating time delays by a Wasserstein approach are provided. A plurality of signals are recorded by a plurality of sensors (three or more), respectively, and received at a controller. The plurality of signals recorded by the plurality of sensors are generated in response to a signal emitted by a source. The plurality of signals are converted into a plurality of probability density functions. A cumulative distribution transform for each of the plurality of probability density functions is calculated.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 18, 2020Publication date: September 9, 2021Inventors: Meredith N. Hutchinson, Jonathan M. Nichols, Gustavo K. Rohde, Nicole Menkart, Geoffrey A. Cranch
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Patent number: 10495610Abstract: A method of monitoring a structure for stresses or cracks. A single mode optical fiber is adhered to a structure. The single mode optical fiber includes a first optical cavity. The first optical cavity includes two fiber Bragg gratings with a distance therebetween. The first optical cavity includes a resonance. A frequency shift of the resonance of the first optical cavity is measured with a frequency discriminator. An acoustic emission from the structure is detected based on the frequency shift.Type: GrantFiled: August 14, 2017Date of Patent: December 3, 2019Inventor: Geoffrey A. Cranch
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Publication number: 20190049412Abstract: A method of monitoring a structure for stresses or cracks. A single mode optical fiber is adhered to a structure. The single mode optical fiber includes a first optical cavity. The first optical cavity includes two fiber Bragg gratings with a distance therebetween. The first optical cavity includes a resonance. A frequency shift of the resonance of the first optical cavity is measured with a frequency discriminator. An acoustic emission from the structure is detected based on the frequency shift.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 14, 2017Publication date: February 14, 2019Inventor: Geoffrey A. Cranch
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Patent number: 10018646Abstract: A fiber optic pressure and mass velocity sensor for measuring a shock wave pressure in a solid media includes an optical fiber having a means for measuring a change in an optical path length (OPL) of the fiber when positioned in the solid media caused by the shock wave altering the physical length of the fiber and the refractive index of the fiber. The means for measuring the change in the OPL is coupled at one end to a laser and at its second end to a means for detecting the change in OPL. The sensor has a high operating bandwidth (>>10 MHz), is sufficiently rigid to withstand the force of the shock wave, has a sensitivity that can also be tailored for the application, and is immune to electromagnetic interference. Measurement can be made on materials under extreme strain conditions, and the sensor can also provide characterization of protective materials such as bullet/blast proof materials.Type: GrantFiled: September 10, 2014Date of Patent: July 10, 2018Assignee: The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Geoffrey A. Cranch, Jacob Grun
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Patent number: 9513432Abstract: An apparatus includes a rigid support and a first cantilever including a first optical fiber and a first rigid ribbon. The first optical fiber and the first ribbon, together include a first neutral surface. The first optical fiber is connected to the rigid support. The first optical fiber includes at least one first wave-guiding core running parallel to the first neutral surface. Each of the at least one first wave-guiding core includes at least one first reflector. The first rigid ribbon is affixed to the first optical fiber and to said first rigid support. The apparatus further includes a first membrane surrounding the first cantilever.Type: GrantFiled: May 7, 2015Date of Patent: December 6, 2016Assignee: The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Geoffrey A. Cranch, Clay K. Kirkendall
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Publication number: 20150323558Abstract: A fiber optic pressure and mass velocity sensor for measuring a shock wave pressure in a solid media includes an optical fiber having a means for measuring a change in an optical path length (OPL) of the fiber when positioned in the solid media caused by the shock wave altering the physical length of the fiber and the refractive index of the fiber. The means for measuring the change in the OPL is coupled at one end to a laser and at its second end to a means for detecting the change in OPL. The sensor has a high operating bandwidth (>>10 MHz), is sufficiently rigid to withstand the force of the shock wave, has a sensitivity that can also be tailored for the application, and is immune to electromagnetic interference. Measurement can be made on materials under extreme strain conditions, and the sensor can also provide characterization of protective materials such as bullet/blast proof materials.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 10, 2014Publication date: November 12, 2015Applicant: The Government of the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Geoffrey A. Cranch, Jacob Grun
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Patent number: 9116304Abstract: A planar or cylindrical, cantilever-type apparatus including a rigid support. The apparatus further includes a first optical fiber connected to the rigid support, the first optical fiber including a first neutral axis and at least one first wave-guiding core running parallel to the first neutral axis and located at a distance from the first neutral axis, each of the at least one first wave-guiding core including at least one first reflector. The apparatus further includes a first membrane surrounding the first optical fiber; and a first liquid inside the first membrane and surrounding the first optical fiber, the first liquid including a Reynolds number less than one.Type: GrantFiled: April 16, 2013Date of Patent: August 25, 2015Assignee: The United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Geoffrey A. Cranch, Clay K. Kirkendall
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Publication number: 20150233739Abstract: An apparatus includes a rigid support and a first cantilever including a first optical fiber and a first rigid ribbon. The first optical fiber and the first ribbon, together include a first neutral surface. The first optical fiber is connected to the rigid support. The first optical fiber includes at least one first wave-guiding core running parallel to the first neutral surface. Each of the at least one first wave-guiding core includes at least one first reflector. The first rigid ribbon is affixed to the first optical fiber and to said first rigid support. The apparatus further includes a first membrane surrounding the first cantilever.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 7, 2015Publication date: August 20, 2015Inventors: Geoffrey A. Cranch, Clay K. Kirkendall
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Patent number: 8705902Abstract: An optical fibre sensor assembly comprises a source of a plurality of different frequency substantially monochromatic signals (1, 2, 3, 4); a modulator connected to the output of the source to produce a train of output pulses of the monochromatic signals; a plurality of sensor sub-assemblies connected to the output of the modulator, each sub-assembly comprising an optical drop multiplexer (ODM) (13), a sensor array (14) comprising a plurality of sensor elements and an optical add multiplexer (OAM) (15); a wavelength demultiplexer (WDM), having an input coupled to the sub-assemblies output; a plurality of detectors, each detector having an input connected to receive a respective output of the WDM and providing at an output thereof a signal corresponding to a respective frequency of the modulated monochromatic signals; and an interrogation system, having a plurality of inputs connected such that each input receives the output signal from a respective detector.Type: GrantFiled: July 26, 2012Date of Patent: April 22, 2014Assignee: Optasense Holdings LimitedInventor: Geoffrey A Cranch
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Patent number: 8666203Abstract: An optical fiber sensor assembly comprises a source of a plurality of different frequency substantially monochromatic signals (1, 2, 3, 4); a modulator connected to the output of the source to produce a train of output pulses of the monochromatic signals; a plurality of sensor sub-assemblies connected to the output of the modulator, each sub-assembly comprising an optical drop multiplexer (ODM) (13), a sensor array (14) comprising a plurality of sensor elements and an optical add multiplexer (OAM) (15); a wavelength demultiplexer (WDM), having an input coupled to the sub-assemblies output; a plurality of detectors, each detector having an input connected to receive a respective output of the WDM and providing at an output thereof a signal corresponding to a respective frequency of the modulated monochromatic signals; and an interrogation system, having a plurality of inputs connected such that each input receives the output signal from a respective detector.Type: GrantFiled: July 26, 2012Date of Patent: March 4, 2014Assignee: Optasense Holdings LimitedInventor: Geoffrey A Cranch
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Publication number: 20130272645Abstract: A planar or cylindrical, cantilever-type apparatus including a rigid support. The apparatus further includes a first optical fiber connected to the rigid support, the first optical fiber including a first neutral axis and at least one first wave-guiding core running parallel to the first neutral axis and located at a distance from the first neutral axis, each of the at least one first wave-guiding core including at least one first reflector. The apparatus further includes a first membrane surrounding the first optical fiber; and a first liquid inside the first membrane and surrounding the first optical fiber, the first liquid including a Reynolds number less than one.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 16, 2013Publication date: October 17, 2013Inventors: Geoffrey A. Cranch, Clay K. Kirkendall
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Patent number: 8369660Abstract: An optical fiber sensor assembly comprises a source of a plurality of different frequency substantially monochromatic signals (1, 2, 3, 4); a modulator connected to the output of the source to produce a train of output pulses of the monochromatic signals; a plurality of sensor sub-assemblies connected to the output of the modulator, each sub-assembly comprising an optical drop multiplexer (ODM) (13), a sensor array (14) comprising a plurality of sensor elements and an optical add multiplexer (OAM) (15); a wavelength demultiplexer (WDM), having an input coupled to the sub-assemblies output; a plurality of detectors, each detector having an input connected to receive a respective output of the WDM and providing at an output thereof a signal corresponding to a respective frequency of the modulated monochromatic signals; and an interrogation system, having a plurality of inputs connected such that each input receives the output signal from a respective detector.Type: GrantFiled: April 6, 2000Date of Patent: February 5, 2013Assignee: Qinetiq LimitedInventor: Geoffrey A Cranch
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Publication number: 20120301072Abstract: An optical fibre sensor assembly comprises a source of a plurality of different frequency substantially monochromatic signals (1, 2, 3, 4); a modulator connected to the output of the source to produce a train of output pulses of the monochromatic signals; a plurality of sensor sub-assemblies connected to the output of the modulator, each sub-assembly comprising an optical drop multiplexer (ODM) (13), a sensor array (14) comprising a plurality of sensor elements and an optical add multiplexer (OAM) (15); a wavelength demultiplexer (WDM), having an input coupled to the sub-assemblies output; a plurality of detectors, each detector having an input connected to receive a respective output of the WDM and providing at an output thereof a signal corresponding to a respective frequency of the modulated monochromatic signals; and an interrogation system, having a plurality of inputs connected such that each input receives the output signal from a respective detector.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 26, 2012Publication date: November 29, 2012Applicant: QinetiQ LimitedInventor: Geoffrey A. Cranch
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Publication number: 20120293806Abstract: An optical fibre sensor assembly comprises a source of a plurality of different frequency substantially monochromatic signals (1, 2, 3, 4); a modulator connected to the output of the source to produce a train of output pulses of the monochromatic signals; a plurality of sensor sub-assemblies connected to the output of the modulator, each sub-assembly comprising an optical drop multiplexer (ODM) (13), a sensor array (14) comprising a plurality of sensor elements and an optical add multiplexer (OAM) (15); a wavelength demultiplexer (WDM), having an input coupled to the sub-assemblies output; a plurality of detectors, each detector having an input connected to receive a respective output of the WDM and providing at an output thereof a signal corresponding to a respective frequency of the modulated monochromatic signals; and an interrogation system, having a plurality of inputs connected such that each input receives the output signal from a respective detector.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 26, 2012Publication date: November 22, 2012Applicant: QinetiQ LimitedInventor: Geoffrey A. CRANCH
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Patent number: 8144315Abstract: An apparatus and method for characterizing the complex coupling coefficient of a multilayered periodic structure either during or after inscription is described. This apparatus is capable of continuously measuring the complex reflectivity at single or multiple wavelengths to a resolution limited by Rayleigh scattering in the waveguide section where the structure is inscribed. The apparatus is also capable of rejecting undesired signals associated with stray reflections in the system and unwanted environmentally induced change in optical path lengths during the inscription procedure. The complex coupling coefficient of the multilayered periodic structure can be derived from the measured complex reflectivity and can reveal errors present in the structure. The complex coupling coefficient can also be used to derive an error signal to enable implementation of a closed loop inscription system capable of inscribing error free multilayer structures.Type: GrantFiled: April 9, 2010Date of Patent: March 27, 2012Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Geoffrey A. Cranch, Gordon M. H. Flockhart
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Publication number: 20100271623Abstract: An apparatus and method for characterizing the complex coupling coefficient of a multilayered periodic structure either during or after inscription is described. This apparatus is capable of continuously measuring the complex reflectivity at single or multiple wavelengths to a resolution limited by Rayleigh scattering in the waveguide section where the structure is inscribed. The apparatus is also capable of rejecting undesired signals associated with stray reflections in the system and unwanted environmentally induced change in optical path lengths during the inscription procedure. The complex coupling coefficient of the multilayered periodic structure can be derived from the measured complex reflectivity and can reveal errors present in the structure. The complex coupling coefficient can also be used to derive an error signal to enable implementation of a closed loop inscription system capable of inscribing error free multilayer structures.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 9, 2010Publication date: October 28, 2010Applicant: The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Geoffrey A. Cranch, Gordon M.H. Flockhart
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Publication number: 20090102474Abstract: The device includes two supports and a primary conductive strip. The primary conductive strip includes a neutral surface, a first side, and a second side. The primary conductive strip is connected one of directly and indirectly on the first side to the two supports such that the primary conductive strip is constrained in two dimensions and movable in one dimension. The device also includes a primary distributed feedback fiber laser. The primary distributed feedback fiber laser includes a fiber axis. The primary distributed feedback fiber laser is connected to the primary conductive strip along one of the first side and the second side such that there is a positive distance between the neutral surface of the primary conductive strip and the fiber axis of the primary distributed feedback fiber laser.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 21, 2008Publication date: April 23, 2009Applicant: The Government of the United States as represented by U.S. NavyInventors: GEOFFREY A. CRANCH, Gordon M.H. Flockhart
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Patent number: 7324714Abstract: An apparatus includes a multicore fiber including three cores. The three cores include two pairs of cores, each pair of cores lying in a plane. The planes of the two pairs of cores are non-coplanar. The multicore fiber includes a rosette, the rosette including three coplanar interferometers. Each interferometer of the three interferometers are located in a respective core of the three cores. Each interferometer includes a first reflector and a second reflector. The first reflectors of the rosette are coplanar. The second reflectors of the rosette are coplanar.Type: GrantFiled: April 11, 2007Date of Patent: January 29, 2008Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the NavyInventors: Geoffrey A. Cranch, Gordon M. H. Flockhart
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Publication number: 20050174887Abstract: Attached to a cable having a central strength member is an optical sensor assembly. The sensor assembly comprises a coupler and an optical fibre coil. The coupler is attached to the central member of the cable at a position where outer layers of the cable been removed. A first terminal of the coupler is connected to an optical fibre traveling along the cable in a fibre conduit external to the central strength member. A second terminal of the coupler is connected to a first end of the coil and a third terminal of the coupler is connected to an optical fibre a mirrored end. The coil is supported about a tubular mandrel, which mandrel fits over the cable. The other end of the coil is attached to the fibre in the cable. The mandrel is located about the cable at a position covering the coupler and the part of the cable where the outer layers are removed. The whole assembly is covered with a waterproof layer sealing it to the cable.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 6, 2003Publication date: August 11, 2005Inventors: Philip Nash, Jonathan Westhall, Geoffrey Cranch, Michael Henshaw, John Churchill