Abstract: A fuel injection, spark ignition, piston type internal combustion piston engine 1 with a fuel sprayer 2 comprising a hollow casing 3. A liquid fuel injector 4 is disposed within the upper end 5a of the hollow interior 5 of the casing 3, and comprises means for injecting liquid fuel into the hollow interior 5. Structure 6 is placed within the hollow interior 5 and is disposed in the path of fuel 7 injected, whereby injected fuel is temporarily deposited on the structure 6. A venturi-shaped passageway 8 enables the induction phase (stroke) of the engine 1 to remove the temporarily-deposited liquid fuel from the structure 6 and into the associated cylinder of the engine 1. The structure 6 comprises an inner body 10 of conical form disposed within an outer body 11 of annular form, so as to define an annular passageway 12 therewith. The sprayer 2 is located by a recessed 22 formed in the air inlet tract 34 of the engine 1.

Abstract: A fuel system for an internal combustion spark ignition engine (27) is provided with a unit (14) for pre-mixing liquid fuel with a part of the total air charge, a spray nozzle (43 117) through which the mixed air/fuel is passed, a heat exchanger (48 102) for heating the mixed air/fuel issuing from the spray nozzle (43 117) to produce a gas and a conduit (49 118) for conveying the gas to the inlet manifold (31 103) of the engine (27) where it mixes with the remainder of the air charge.

Abstract: In automatically checking circuit boards by raster scanning, it is useful to code and store conductor boundaries for later analysis. Coding time can be reduced by storing an identification of a chain of boundary segments in one of two arrays each time a boundary is detected in a scan line, the identification being stored at an address corresponding to the position of the segment detected. At the same time signals describing the segment are stored in another store at an address related to the identification. When in the next scan line a boundary segment is detected, an address corresponding to its position is used to address the said array and if an identification is found, the new segment is stored in the other store as part of the chain identified. In order to reduce the size of the other store signals describing segments are not stored in areas allocated to chains but in the next vacant location and a RAM stores links between segments.

Abstract: Printed circuits can be inspected by eye, which is fatiguing or automatically by comparison with a master pattern by optical super-imposition, which requires great precision in handling. In the present invention analysis of optical scanning of a pattern determines the directions of boundaries of features of the pattern and employs this analysis to identify any local divergence from the prevailing direction of the boundary.