Abstract: The present disclosure relates to novel sialidase enzymes having a preference for cleaving N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) from glycoconjugates over cleaving N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). The present disclosure further provides the polypeptide of such novel sialidase and its catalytic pockets; the recombinant host cells expressing the same, as well as the enzymatic, pharmaceutical, and consumable compositions comprising such novel sialidases. Probiotic compositions comprising a bacterium that expresses the sialidase having a preference for Neu5Gc over Neu5Ac, and methods for removing Neu5Gc from consumable products are also provided. Also disclosed are methods for treating or preventing various diseases, disorders, and inflammatory conditions in a subject using the novel sialidases.

Abstract: A toothbrush having a body, a brush head, and a neck extending between the body and the brush head is described. The brush head having a forward face and a rear face, and a massaging element disposed on the rear face of the brush head. The massaging element has a base surface which is non-coplanar with the rear face, and the massaging element comprising a plurality of protrusions. A plurality of bristles extends from the forward face.

Abstract: The invention relates to the three-dimensional structure of a crystal of a transporter protein complexed with a ligand. The three-dimensional structure of the transporter-ligand complex is disclosed. The transporter-ligand crystal structure, wherein the ligand is an inhibitor molecule, is useful for providing structural information that may be integrated into drug screening and drug design processes. Thus, the invention also relates to methods for utilizing the crystal structure of the transporter-ligand complex for identifying, designing, selecting, or testing inhibitors of the transporter protein, such inhibitors being useful as therapeutics for the treatment or modulation of i) diseases; ii) disease symptoms; or iii) the effect of other physiological events mediated by the transporter.