Abstract: In certain exemplary embodiments, a system includes an annular duct having an inner annular wall and an outer annular wall. The system also includes a plurality of injector vanes configured to mix air and fuel to produce an air-fuel mixture, and configured to inject the air-fuel mixture into a central chamber between the inner and outer annular walls.

Abstract: A method of preventing thermal hydrocarbon degradation deposits on a surface of a gas turbine component, the method includes providing the turbine component comprising the surface configured for contacting a hydrocarbon fluid, wherein the substrate comprises a material having a nominal liquid wettability sufficient to generate, with reference to an oil, a nominal contact angle, disposing a plurality of features on the substrate to form an anti-deposition surface texture, wherein the plurality of features have a size, shape, and orientation selected such that the surface has an effective wettability sufficient to generate, with reference to an oil, an effective contact angle of greater than the nominal contact angle, and the features comprise a width dimension (a), and a spacing dimension (b), wherein the features prevent the hydrocarbon fluid from penetrating into the surface texture and thereby reduce the adhesion of the thermal hydrocarbon deposits to the surface.

Abstract: A premixing nozzle of a combustor is provided and includes a gas premixer module, a centerbody, which is breech-loadable into the gas premixer module and a deformable, compliant interface between the gas premixer module and the centerbody.

Abstract: A method for transferring fuel includes flowing water to at least one nozzle of a main fuel circuit. Also included is flowing oil to the at least one nozzle of the main fuel circuit. Further included is flowing liquid fuel to the at least one nozzle of the main fuel circuit, wherein flowing water to the at least one nozzle of the main fuel circuit occurs prior to flowing oil to the at least one nozzle of the main fuel circuit and flowing liquid fuel to the at least one nozzle of the main fuel circuit.

Abstract: A system is provided for detecting and controlling flashback and flame holding in a combustor of a gas turbine. The system includes at least one flame indicator disposed in a combustor and at least one detector disposed downstream from the flame indicator. The flame indicator may be configured to produce light when exposed to a flame and the detector may be configured to detect the light produced by the flame indicator.

Abstract: A gas turbine system includes a compressor operative to output an airstream and a diffuser having an inlet to receive the airstream and an outlet to output the airstream. The outlet has an area larger than the inlet to diffuse the airstream. The gas turbine system also includes a fuel nozzle operative to receive fuel and emit the fuel in a combustor and at least one bleed duct having an inlet between the compressor and the outlet of the diffuser. The at least one bleed duct is operative to direct bleed air from downstream of the compressor to the fuel nozzle.

Abstract: Optical flame holding and flashback detection systems and methods are provided. Exemplary embodiments include a combustor including a combustor housing defining a combustion chamber having combustion zones, flame detectors disposed on the combustor housing and in optical communication with the combustion chamber, wherein each of the flame detectors is configured to detect an optical property related to one or more of the combustion zones.

Abstract: A combustor (10) includes a combustion chamber (18), a liner (12) surrounding the combustion chamber, and a flow sleeve (52) surrounding the liner. An annular passage is between the liner and the flow sleeve, and a fuel injector (50) is located partially in the annular passage and extending through the liner into the combustion chamber. The fuel injector includes an outer tube, an inner tube, and a flow passage. A method of supplying a fuel to a combustor includes flowing a diluent inside an outer tube extending along a liner and flowing a liquid or gaseous fuel inside an inner tube extending inside a portion of the outer tube. The method further includes flowing the diluent and the liquid or gaseous fuel through the liner and into a combustion chamber surrounded by the liner.

Abstract: A gas turbine includes a compressor and at least one combustor downstream from the compressor. The combustor includes a burner having an inner shroud extending axially along at least a portion of the burner, an outer shroud radially separated from the inner shroud and extending axially along at least a portion of the burner, and a plurality of stator vanes extending radially between the inner shroud and the outer shroud. The stator vanes have an inner end proximate the inner shroud and an outer end proximate the outer shroud. The burner further includes a vortex tip at one of either the inner end or the outer end of the stator vanes. The vortex tip provides a gap between the inner end and the inner shroud or the outer end and the outer shroud, and the vortex tip includes a plurality of fuel ports. The gas turbine further includes a turbine downstream from the combustor.

Abstract: A combustor (10) includes a liner (12) that defines a combustion chamber (18) first pre-mix chamber (14) is upstream of the combustion chamber, and a fuel plenum (40) in fluid communication with the first pre-mix chamber surrounds a least a portion of the first pre-mix chamber. A method of supplying a fuel to combustor includes flowing the fuel over an outer surface of a first pre-mix chamber and into the first pre-mix chamber.

Abstract: A combustor of a combustion turbine engine is described. The combustor may include an inner radial wall, which defines a combustion chamber downstream of a primary fuel nozzle, and an outer radial wall, which surrounds the inner radial wall so to form a flow annulus therebetween, and the combustor may include a socket extending from the outer radial wall into the flow annulus. The socket may include: a mouth formed through the outer radial wall; a floor offset a predetermined distance from an outboard surface of the inner radial wall; impingement ports formed through the floor; and an axial nozzle.

Abstract: A system is provided for detecting and controlling flashback and flame holding in a combustor of a gas turbine. The system includes at least one flame indicator disposed in a combustor and at least one detector disposed downstream from the flame indicator. The flame indicator may be configured to produce light when exposed to a flame and the detector may be configured to detect the light produced by the flame indicator.

Abstract: A system and a method of generating energy in a power plant using a turbine are provided. The system includes an air separation unit providing an oxygen output; a plasma generator that is capable of generating plasma; and a combustor configured to receive oxygen and to combust a fuel stream in the presence of the plasma, so as to maintain a stable flame, generating an exhaust gas. The system can further include a water condensation system, fluidly-coupled to the combustor, that is capable of producing a high-content carbon dioxide stream that is substantially free of oxygen. The method of generating energy in a power plant includes the steps of operating an air separation unit to separate oxygen from air, combusting a fuel stream in a combustor in the presence of oxygen, and generating an exhaust gas from the combustion. The exhaust gas can be used in a turbine to generate electricity. A plasma is generated inside the combustor, and a stable flame is maintained in the combustor.

Abstract: A system for operating a gas turbine includes a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine. The combustor and turbine define a hot gas path. A sensor disposed outside the hot gas path measures internal thermal emissions from the combustor or turbine and generates a first signal reflective of the internal thermal emissions. The internal thermal emissions are infrared or ultraviolet emissions. A controller connected to the sensor receives the first signal and adjusts the compressor, combustor, or turbine in response to the first signal from the sensor. A method for operating a gas turbine includes measuring internal thermal emissions from inside a combustor or turbine using a sensor disposed outside the hot gas path. The method further includes generating a first signal reflective of the internal thermal emissions and adjusting the operation of the compressor, combustor, or turbine in response to the first signal from the sensor.

Abstract: A condition measurement apparatus is provided and includes a gas turbine engine combustor having an end cover, a liner defining a liner interior and a fuel nozzle communicative with the liner interior, the end cover being formed to separate a cold side thereof, which is a relatively low temperature environment, from a hot side thereof, which is a relatively high temperature environment in which the liner and the fuel nozzle are disposed, the combustor being formed to define a fuel flow path extending through piping disposed at the cold side of the end cover by which fuel is deliverable to the fuel nozzle, and a condition sensing device operably mounted on the piping.

Abstract: A gas turbine system includes a compressor operative to output an airstream and a diffuser having an inlet to receive the airstream and an outlet to output the airstream. The outlet has an area larger than the inlet to diffuse the airstream. The gas turbine system also includes a fuel nozzle operative to receive fuel and emit the fuel in a combustor and at least one bleed duct having an inlet between the compressor and the outlet of the diffuser. The at least one bleed duct is operative to direct bleed air from downstream of the compressor to the fuel nozzle.

Abstract: A nozzle includes a center body that defines an axial centerline. A shroud circumferentially surrounds at least a portion of the center body to define an annular passage between the center body and the shroud. A plenum is inside the center body and substantially parallel to the axial centerline, and an igniter is inside the center body and generally adjacent to the plenum. A method for igniting a combustor includes flowing a fuel through a center body axially aligned in a nozzle and flowing a working fluid through an annular passage, wherein the annular passage is substantially parallel to and radially outward of the center body. The method further includes projecting at least one of a beam, spark, or flame from an igniter located inside the center body.

Abstract: A method for transferring fuel includes flowing water to at least one nozzle of a main fuel circuit. Also included is flowing oil to the at least one nozzle of the main fuel circuit. Further included is flowing liquid fuel to the at least one nozzle of the main fuel circuit, wherein flowing water to the at least one nozzle of the main fuel circuit occurs prior to flowing oil to the at least one nozzle of the main fuel circuit and flowing liquid fuel to the at least one nozzle of the main fuel circuit.

Abstract: A combustor includes a plurality of tubes arranged in a tube bundle and supported by at least one plate that extends radially within the combustor, wherein each tube includes an upstream end axially separated from a downstream end and provides fluid communication through the tube bundle. A flow conditioner extends upstream from the upstream end of one or more of the plurality of tubes, and a radial passage extends through the flow conditioner. A method for distributing fuel in a combustor including flowing a working fluid through a flow conditioner that extends from a tube that is configured in a tube bundle comprising a plurality of tubes and that is supported by at least one plate. The flow conditioner includes at least one radial passage to impart radial swirl to the working fluid. Flowing a fuel through an annular insert that is at least partially surrounded by the flow conditioner.

Abstract: A gas turbine system comprising, a diffuser operative to diffuse an airstream output from a compressor, a fuel nozzle operative to receive fuel and emit the fuel in a combustor, and at least one bleed duct operative to direct bleed air from down stream of the combustor to the fuel nozzle.