Abstract: A system for detecting stimulated emission from a material of interest comprising: an excitation source; and an imaging component; wherein, in use, the system is configured to: a) emit excitation radiation from the excitation source for a first time period, the excitation radiation having a wavelength suitable for inducing stimulated emission in the material of interest; b) capture a first image via the imaging component, the first image substantially consisting of a background illumination component and a stimulated emission component; c) stop emitting excitation radiation for a second time period; d) capture a second image via the imaging component, the second image substantially consisting of the background illumination component; e) create a difference image corresponding to the difference between the first and second images, such that the difference image includes any stimulated emission signals from the material of interest.

Abstract: A system for detecting stimulated emission from a material of interest comprising: an excitation source; and an imaging component; wherein, in use, the system is configured to: a) emit excitation radiation from the excitation source for a first time period, the excitation radiation having a wavelength suitable for inducing stimulated emission in the material of interest; b) capture a first image via the imaging component, the first image substantially consisting of a background illumination component and a stimulated emission component; c) stop emitting excitation radiation for a second time period; d) capture a second image via the imaging component, the second image substantially consisting of the background illumination component; e) create a difference image corresponding to the difference between the first and second images, such that the difference image includes any stimulated emission signals from the material of interest.

Abstract: A system for detecting stimulated emission from a material of interest comprising: an excitation source; and an imaging component; wherein, in use, the system is configured to: a) emit excitation radiation from the excitation source for a first time period, the excitation radiation having a wavelength suitable for inducing stimulated emission in the material of interest; b) capture a first image via the imaging component, the first image substantially consisting of a background illumination component and a stimulated emission component; c) stop emitting excitation radiation for a second time period; d) capture a second image via the imaging component, the second image substantially consisting of the background illumination component; e) create a difference image corresponding to the difference between the first and second images, such that the difference image includes any stimulated emission signals from the material of interest.

Abstract: A system for detecting stimulated emission from a material of interest comprising: an excitation source; and an imaging component; wherein, in use, the system is configured to: a) emit excitation radiation from the excitation source for a first time period, the excitation radiation having a wavelength suitable for inducing stimulated emission in the material of interest; b) capture a first image via the imaging component, the first image substantially consisting of a background illumination component and a stimulated emission component; c) stop emitting excitation radiation for a second time period; d) capture a second image via the imaging component, the second image substantially consisting of the background illumination component; e) create a difference image corresponding to the difference between the first and second images, such that the difference image includes any stimulated emission signals from the material of interest.

Abstract: Apparatus for inspecting an article comprising: a controller configured to generate a drive signal having a periodic amplitude variation; a source, the source being operable by the controller to emit a source beam thereby to irradiate an article, the source beam comprising a beam of electromagnetic radiation having a periodic amplitude variation corresponding to that of the drive signal; and a detector, the detector being configured to detect a portion of the source beam that has been transmitted through at least a portion of the article, and to generate a detector signal having an amplitude variation corresponding to the amplitude variation of said portion of the source beam, the controller being further configured to generate a difference value corresponding to a difference between the amplitude of the detector signal and the amplitude of a reference signal.

Abstract: Apparatus for inspecting an article comprising: a controller configured to generate a drive signal having a periodic amplitude variation; a source, the source being operable by the controller to emit a source beam thereby to irradiate an article, the source beam comprising a beam of electromagnetic radiation having a periodic amplitude variation corresponding to that of the drive signal; and a detector, the detector being configured to detect a portion of the source beam that has been transmitted through at least a portion of the article, and to generate a detector signal having an amplitude variation corresponding to the amplitude variation of said portion of the source beam, the controller being further configured to generate a difference value corresponding to a difference between the amplitude of the detector signal and the amplitude of a reference signal.

Abstract: Apparatus for inspecting an article comprising: a controller configured to generate a drive signal having a periodic amplitude variation; a source, the source being operable by the controller to emit a source beam thereby to irradiate an article, the source beam comprising a beam of electromagnetic radiation having a periodic amplitude variation corresponding to that of the drive signal; and a detector, the detector being configured to detect a portion of the source beam that has been transmitted through at least a portion of the article, and to generate a detector signal having an amplitude variation corresponding to the amplitude variation of said portion of the source beam, the controller being further configured to generate a difference value corresponding to a difference between the amplitude of the detector signal and the amplitude of a reference signal.

Abstract: Apparatus for inspecting an engineering material or food product comprising: a controller arranged to generate a time-variant drive signal; a source of Near Infra-Red (NIR) radiation, the source being operable by the controller to emit a repetitive time-varying beam thereby to illuminate an article; and a detector, the detector being configured to detect that portion of the source beam that has been transmitted through at least a portion of the article, and to generate an electrical signal that has a time variant modulation corresponding to the modulation of said portion of the source NIR beam, the controller being further configured to generate an output corresponding to a variation in the amplitude of the received NIR source beam.

Abstract: Apparatus for inspecting an engineering material or food product comprising: a controller arranged to generate a time-variant drive signal; a source of Near Infra-, Red (NIR) radiation, the source being operable by the controller to emit a repetitive time-varying beam thereby to illuminate an article; and a detector, the detector being configured to detect that portion of the source beam that has been transmitted through at least a portion of the article, and to generate an electrical signal that has a time variant modulation corresponding to the modulation of said portion of the source NIR beam, the controller being further configured to generate an output corresponding to a variation in the amplitude of the received NIR source beam.

Abstract: Apparatus for inspecting an article comprising: a controller configured to generate a drive signal having a periodic amplitude variation; a source, the source being operable by the controller to emit a source beam thereby to irradiate an article, the source beam comprising a beam of electromagnetic radiation having a periodic amplitude variation corresponding to that of the drive signal; and a detector, the detector being configured to detect a portion of the source beam that has been transmitted through at least a portion of the article, and to generate a detector signal having an amplitude variation corresponding to the amplitude variation of said portion of the source beam, the controller being further configured to generate a difference value corresponding to a difference between the amplitude of the detector signal and the amplitude of a reference signal.

Abstract: A novel hybrid maize variety designated 32B81 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize lines. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety 32B81 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into 32B81 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the hybrid seed 32B81, the hybrid plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and trivial modifications of hybrid 32B81. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize lines derived from hybrid maize variety 32B81 and to the maize lines derived by the use of those methods.

Abstract: A novel inbred maize line designated PHDRW and seed, plants and plant parts thereof. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprise crossing inbred maize line PHDRW with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into PHDRW through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. Hybrid maize seed, plant or plant part produced by crossing the inbred line PHDRW or a trait conversion of PHDRW with another maize line. Inbred maize lines derived from inbred maize line PHDRW, methods for producing other inbred maize lines derived from inbred maize line PHDRW and the inbred maize lines and their parts derived by the use of those methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising organic material susceptible to degradation and, as metal deactivator and/or antioxidant, at least one compound having the formula(I): ##STR1## wherein X is a group of formula II: ##STR2## of formula III: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 linear or branched alkyl; C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl; benzyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or nitro; R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 linear or branched chain alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 linear or branched chain alkyl interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms; C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl; benzyl; or phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or nitro; and n is 3 or 4.

Abstract: A process for the prevention of scale and the inhibition of corrosion which comprises adding to water a hydrolyzed terpolymer of maleic anhydride with vinyl acetate and ethyl acrylate, the molar ratio of maleic anhydride to the other monomers being from 2.5:1 to 5:1, the ratio of vinyl acetate to ethyl acrylate being 1:1 to 2:1, and the molecular weight of the terpolymer being below 1000.