Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to measuring thermal properties. At least one embodiment includes a method including heating a location of an object with an excitation laser beam, the excitation laser beam being a continuous-wave laser beam modulated by a square-wave modulation waveform. The method may also include measuring temperature at the location over time by measuring changes in one or more reflective properties at the location. Related apparatuses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A test capsule for measuring at least one property of a material exposed to nuclear radiation comprises a lattice structure configured to exhibit a change in at least one property responsive to exposure to nuclear radiation. The lattice structure comprises a first strut and a second strut connected to the first strut at a node. Related test capsules and methods are also described.