Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for monitoring a system in which a datum-line display (11) is generated on a viewing screen (4) for at least one parameter of the system, comprising a baseline (14) that represents a base value for the parameter concerned, a continuous curve (15) that represents a variation with time of the values of the parameter concerned and is normal with respect to the baseline (14), and a deviation bar (16) that represents the instantaneous deviation between the base value and current parameter value and is normalized with respect to the baseline (14).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for monitoring a system in which a datum-line display (11) is generated on a viewing screen (4) for at least one parameter of the system, comprising a baseline (14) that represents a base value for the parameter concerned, a continuous curve (15) that represents a variation with time of the values of the parameter concerned and is normalized with respect to the baseline (14), and a deviation bar (16) that represents the instantaneous deviation between the base value and the current parameter value and is normalized with respect to the baseline (14).

Abstract: A method for continuous casting of thin slab ingots with reduced thickness following immediately the casting particularly of steel under utilization of a mold which is open at the bottom and under further utilization of roller pairs arranged along the withdrawal path, at least some of them are driven and at least some of the rollers are hydraulically adjustable perpendicular from the path so as to act as ingot deforming rolls. The invention is further improved by determining the speed of driven rollers, and the pressure force of adjustable roller pairs acting against the ingot and providing feedback control for the speed and the force. Additionally, providing a master control action for the speed control such that a point of solidification is dynamically maintained in a particular geometric position as far as the passing ingot is concerned; and by limiting the adjustment of rollers as far as the gap between pairs of such rollers is concerned downstream from that point.

Abstract: Seen against the direction of casting, the narrow width dimension of a mold is widened through appropriate surface contour, at least in the mold center, to facilitate charging of the mold whereby the lower portions of the longitudinal walls of the mold are essentially parallely curved while in the upper portion at least one of the walls tangentially merges into the pour-in portion of the mold.