Abstract: An LED includes a substrate, a first electrode layer and a thin colloidal layer located between the substrate and the first electrode layer. A smoothening layer or particles located within or on the colloidal layer is provided so that the roughness of the outer surface of the colloidal layer which is facing towards the first electrode layer is Ra?30 nm and Ra?1 nm.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD-) lamp (1) for generating and emitting an ultraviolet radiation with ignition aid comprising: a discharge gap (2) being at least partly formed and/or surrounded by at least an inner wall (5) and an outer wall (4), whereby at least one of the walls (4, 5) is a dielectric wall and at least one of the walls (4, 5) has an at least partly transparent part, a filling located inside the discharge gap (2), at least two electrical contacting means, a first mean for electrical contacting associated with the outer wall (4) and a second mean for electrical contacting associated with the inner wall (5), whereby at least one multifunctional means (3) is arranged adjacent to the discharge gap (2) functioning as guiding aid and as ignition aid.

Abstract: A scandate dispenser cathode having a cathode body (4) arranged on a cathode support (3), a cathode coating (5, 6) comprising a layer system (6) consisting of one or more alternating layers of rhenium or a rhenium alloy (61) and of scandium oxide or a scandium alloy (62), and an activation acceleration layer system (5) arranged between the cathode body (4) and the layer system (6), said activation acceleration layer system comprising at least one release layer (52) comprising alkaline earth metal oxide, preferably barium oxide, and an activator layer system (51) comprising a barrier material with greater oxidation resistance than the material of the cathode body and an activator material for reducing the alkaline earth metal oxide, preferably barium oxide.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD-) lamp (1) for generating and emitting an ultraviolet radiation with ignition aid comprising: a discharge gap (2) being at least partly formed and/or surrounded by at least an inner wall (5) and an outer wall (4), whereby at least one of the walls (4, 5) is a dielectric wall and at least one of the walls (4, 5) has an at least partly transparent part, a filling located inside the discharge gap (2), at least two electrical contacting means, a first mean for electrical contacting associated with the outer wall (4) and a second mean for electrical contacting associated with the inner wall (5), whereby at least one multifunctional means (3) is arranged adjacent to the discharge gap (2) functioning as guiding aid and as ignition aid.