Abstract: An optical and ophthalmic glass with high refractive index, high Abbe number and low density, which is distinguished by good chemical stability, good crystallization behavior and capability of chemical hardening, comprises (in % by weight):______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 50-63 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 4-8 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 1-2 Li.sub.2 O 4-8 Na.sub.2 O 4-8 K.sub.2 O 3-7 sum of M.sub.2 O 11-20 (M = Li, Na, K) MgO 0.5-2 CaO 2-5 sum of MO 0-3 (M = Mg, Ca) TiO.sub.2 8-12.5 ZrO.sub.2 1-3 F.sup.- 0-1 As.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.05-0.15 (optional refining agent) Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.0-0.

Abstract: A phototropic glass with the optical characteristics of n.sub.d greater than to or equal to 1.59 and v.sub.d greater than or equal to 44, and with a density less than or equal to 3.0 g/cm.sup.-3 is provided having a composition comprising:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 42-56 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 11-18 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-5 sum of SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 55-75 Li.sub.2 O 3-9 Na.sub.2 O 0-7.98 K.sub.2 O 0-8.22 sum of alkaki metal oxides 7-15 MgO 3-12 CaO 0-3 SrO 0-3 BaO 0-6 ZnO 0-2 sum of alkali earth metal 3-12 oxides amd ZnO TiO.sub.2 3.06-6.74 ZrO.sub.2 2-11 Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 2.28-8 La.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-3 Er.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: Optical glass with refractive indicies.gtoreq.1.90, Abbe numbers.gtoreq.25 consisting essentially of, in weight percent; 0-10 SiO.sub.2, 2-20 B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-2 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, the sum of SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2 O.sub.3, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 being 7.5-25, 1-16 TiO.sub.2, 0-10 ZrO.sub.2, 35-55 La.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0.5-10 Y.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0.5-15 Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0-10 Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-15 Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5, 0-3 P.sub.2 O.sub.5 wherein the ratio of SiO.sub.2 to B.sub.2 O.sub.3 is between 0.1 and 1.6, and the sum of Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 and Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 is from 9 to 20%.

Abstract: A colorless, cerium-and phosphorous-containing barium silicate glass, with a density of >3.3 g/cm.sup.2, a radiation length <43.5 mm, with strong fluorescence at 415-430 nm and with good scintillation properties, consisting essentially of (in percent by weight):______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 20-60 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-18 21-60 P.sub.2 O.sub.5 1-10 Li.sub.2 O 0-10 Na.sub.2 O 0-10 K.sub.2 O 0-15 MgO 0-10 SrO 0-12 BaO 30-60 30-60 La.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-10 Ce.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.5-8 Other oxides 0-20 Al.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: An optical and ophthalmic glass with high refractive index, high Abbe number and low density, which is distinguished by good chemical stability, good crystallization behavior and capability for chemical hardening, comprises (in % by weight):SiO.sub.2 --47 to 75B.sub.2 O.sub.3 --1 to 20Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 --0 to 10P.sub.2 O.sub.5 --0 to 5Li.sub.2 O--0 to 15Na.sub.2 O--0 to 10K.sub.2 O--0 to 10CaO--0 to 20MgO--0 to 15SrO--0 to 4BaO--0 to 4ZnO--0 to 5TiO.sub.2 --1 to 15ZrO.sub.2 --0 to 8Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 --0 to 5 andF----0 to 5.

Abstract: These objects have been attained by providing highly absorbent lead containing alkali metal silicate glasses for cathode ray tube image screens, having a linear absorption coefficient .mu. of >30 cm.sup.-1 (0.6 .ANG.) and with a high resistance to discoloration by X-ray and electron radiation, comprises, in weight percent:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 20-65% P.sub.2 O.sub.5 + B.sub.2 O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-30% Li.sub.2 O 0-5% Na.sub.2 O 0-10% K.sub.2 O 0-15% MgO + CaO + ZnO 0-15% SrO 0-20% BaO 0-40% PbO 5-60% ZrO.sub.2 0-10% CeO.sub.2 0.1-5% Other Components 0-20%.

Abstract: A spectacle glass which is colorless in the visible spectrum range, not transmissive in the ultraviolet spectrum range below 350 nm, has a refractive index n.sub.d higher than 1.56 and an Abbe number of more than 45, and which has an extremely low density, has the following composition (in % by weight):______________________________________ 12-40 P.sub.2 O.sub.5 13-34 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 8-30 SiO.sub.2 0-16 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 4-12 TiO.sub.2 0-4 ZrO.sub.2 2-18 CaO 0-4 MgO 0-15 Na.sub.2 O 0-11 K.sub.2 O 0-6 Li.sub.2 O 0-12 Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 0-8 ZnO.

Abstract: A new phototropic glass in which the phototropic properties arise from precipitations of silver halide and which in the unirradiated condition is slightly tinted or completely colorless while showing a brown color in the light-exposed condition, comprises, in known phototropic glass compositions, an additional content of at least 0.001 wt % of TeO.sub.2 and/or Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: A phototropic multilayered glass sheet incorporating at least two interfacially laminated layers, one layer consisting of a nonphototropic carrier glass, and at least one other layer consisting of a phototropic glass. In manufacture, at least one of the glass streams is characterized by having a viscosity of less than 10.sup.7.6 d PAS at the location where the streams are brought together.

Abstract: A borosilicate glass composition suitable for use as an eyeglass lens, characterized by having a refractive index nd.gtoreq.1.58, an Abbe number vd.gtoreq.45, a density .rho..ltoreq.2.75 g/cm.sup.3, and an excellent aptitude for chemical hardening, consisting essentially of the following composition, in weight percent:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 51-65 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 2-14 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-5 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2 O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 62-73 Li.sub.2 O 4-13 Na.sub.2 O 0-4 K.sub.2 O 0-4 Li.sub.2 O + Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O 7-15 CaO 1-19 MgO 0-11 CaO + MgO 6-22 TiO.sub.2 0-8 ZrO.sub.2 0-9.

Abstract: An improved optical glass having an index of refraction of .gtoreq.1.69, an Abbe number of .gtoreq.38, and a density of .ltoreq.3.25 g/cm.sup.3, represents a further development of another optical glass recently provided by the same inventors. The new glass has improved suitability for continuous-tank manufacture and increased acidproofness and differs from the other glass in its content of 0.5-4.0% by weight of P.sub.2 O.sub.5 ; its sum total of SiO.sub.2 +B.sub.2 O.sub.3 +Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 +P.sub.2 O.sub.5 being 38.5-41.5% by weight; and its sum total of MgO+CaO being 13-17.5% by weight. The full glass composition, e.g. is in % by weight:______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 26.0-32.5 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 6.0-12.0 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-3.0 P.sub.2 O.sub.5 0.5-4.0 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2 O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 + P.sub.2 O.sub.5 = 38.5-41.5 Li.sub.2 O 0-5 Na.sub.2 O 0-6 K.sub.2 O 0-8 Li.sub.2 O + Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O = 4.5-12.0 MgO 0-8 CaO 9-16 MgO + CaO = 13-17.

Abstract: An optical and ophthalmic glass having an index of refraction of .gtoreq.1.69, an Abbe number of .gtoreq.37, and a density of .ltoreq.3.30 g/cm.sup.3, consists essentially of (in % by weight):______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 18-36 B.sub.2 O.sub.3 3-18 GeO.sub.2 0-8 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-6, wherein SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2 O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 + GeO.sub.2 25-39 P.sub.2 O.sub.5 0-14, wherein SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2 O.sub.3 + Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 + GeO.sub.2 + P.sub.2 O.sub.5 = 30-44 Li.sub.2 O 0-12 Na.sub.2 O 0-14 K.sub.2 O 0-18 Li.sub.2 O + Na.sub.2 O + K.sub.2 O = 2-18 MgO 0-15 CaO 7-25 MgO + CaO 15-32 SrO 0-13 BaO 0-17 ZnO 0-15 PbO 0-10 SrO + BaO + ZnO + PbO 0-20 TiO.sub.2 3-14 Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 0-13 WO.sub.3 0-10 TiO.sub.2 + Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5 + WO.sub.3 = 10-21 ZrO.sub.2 0-15, La.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-20 Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-16 Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-16 Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3 0-10 La.sub.2 O.sub.3 + Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 + Gd.sub.2 O.sub.3 + Yb.sub.2 O.sub.3 = 0-20 Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 0-13 HfO.sub.2 0-5 SnO.sub.2 0-6.

Abstract: An optical fiber comprising a light-conducting core and a borosilicate glass optical insulation cladding thereon is stabilized against the effects of nuclear radiation by incorporating in the core and the cladding an amount of Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 effective to harden the fiber against nuclear radiation. Amounts of 0.002-6 wt. % Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 are generally useful.

Abstract: Optical glasses having high refractive indexes and low specific gravities are provided for use as both distant and near vision spectacle lenses. The glasses consist essentially of low molecular weight cationic oxides, alkali metal oxides and divalent oxides to promote the crystallization stability of the glass. They have good chemical resistance, chemical hardenability and a thermal expansion coefficient between 93 and 99.times.10.sup.-7 /.degree. C. in the range of 20.degree.-300.degree. C. Optical lenses can be continuously produced due to the high crystallization stability of the glasses and the resultant spectacle lenses have high dioptric values even with thinner edge or center thicknesses.

Abstract: A glass having a high refractive index, preferably >1.77, and a low specific gravity, preferable .ltoreq.3.8, is provided for utilization as spectacle lenses. The glass consists essentially of 80 mol percent or more of light cationic oxides with the remainder being cationic oxides having a greater molecular weight. It has a high crystallization stability in a viscosity range >200 poises and an expansion coefficient .alpha..times.10.sup.7 between 20.degree.-300.degree. C. of .ltoreq.100. Sufficiently light in weight to be well-suited for use as spectacle lenses, the glass can be continuously produced, as it has no pronounced tendency toward crystallization. The resulting corrective optical lenses have relatively high dioptric values, even with small center and edge thicknesses.

Abstract: In a process for the production of communication fibers having transmission losses of less than 10 db/km. and a pulse dispersion of less than 4 ns/km., both measured at 860 nm, by the internal cladding method, wherein multiple-component glasses are deposited in layers in the glassy state in the interior of a glass tube; the tube thus clad inside, is collapsed to a rod; and the rod is drawn into a fiber, the core diameter of which has an eccentricity of less than 2%, an improvement is provided wherein a precollapsing step is executed prior to the final collapsing process, the precollapsing step occurring during the internal cladding step. The temperature of the cladding step is greater than 1850.degree. C. and above the softening point of the glass tube.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an optical fiber wave-guide for signal transmission in which the signal fiber has a linear thermal expansion co-efficient in all of the fiber elements above 15.times.10.sup.-7 /.degree.C. in which the outer mantle is composed of the silicon dioxide modified glass, and the optical fiber wave-guide is composed of an inner silicon dioxide-free mantle employing germanium oxide and other components and has an inner silicon dioxide-free core which is composed of germanium oxide and optionally other additives. The fiber is produced according to the chemical vapor deposition process, and preferably has a refractive index gradient which has the shape of a parabola.

Abstract: Optical fibers having high infrared transmittancies are produced by chemical vapor deposition of vitreous layers composed predominantly of anions S, Se and/or Te onto tubes or rods. Cations are Ge, Si, P, B, As, Sb and/or Ti. Conventional CVD techniques are employed to produce stepped-refractive index gradient profiles in the fibers except that an inert gas and/or a halogen(s) is used as the propellant gas.

Abstract: Glasses are provided which may be made phototropic and which have a thermal coefficient of linear expansion between about 43 and 58.times.10.sup.-7 /.degree. C. and an index of refraction n.sub.d over about 1.60. Such glasses can be employed as near portion glass material in spectacle lens manufacture; thus, such glasses can be fused with known phototropic for portion glass material, for example, of the borosilicate type, to make multifocal glasses useful in spectacle lenses and spectacles.

Abstract: A process for producing an optical fiber comprising;Depositing in a tube silicon and boron oxides, and then,Depositing oxides of silicon as well as germanium, phosphorus and/or boron, in addition to an additional oxide such as antimony;Followed by collapsing the tube to form a rod which is drawn into an optical fiber.