Abstract: The invention includes a method (100) and an apparatus to handle irregularly conveyed and/or irregularly aligned and/or non-upright articles of an article stream under prevention of disturbances. The method (100) comprises the following steps: identifying at least one non-upright article in an article stream as an error; performing a correction step to resolve the error, the correction step comprising removal from the article stream of the at least one irregularly aligned article, or transfer to an upright orientation of the at least one irregularly aligned article, with a defined action being exerted temporally before and/or in temporal overlap with the correction step upon the at least one irregularly aligned article or upon regularly conveyed articles of the article stream.

Abstract: The invention includes a method (100) and an apparatus to handle irregularly conveyed and/or irregularly aligned and/or non-upright articles of an article stream under prevention of disturbances. The method (100) comprises the following steps: identifying at least one non-upright article in an article stream as an error; performing a correction step to resolve the error, the correction step comprising removal from the article stream of the at least one irregularly aligned article, or transfer to an upright orientation of the at least one irregularly aligned article, with a defined action being exerted temporally before and/or in temporal overlap with the correction step upon the at least one irregularly aligned article or upon regularly conveyed articles of the article stream.

Abstract: A method of operating an electric system of a motor vehicle, consisting of a fuel cell system, an accumulator and an electric driving motor is provided. Without implementing an electric voltage conversion and therefore without an electric voltage converter, as a function of the level of the electric voltage made available by the fuel cell system and by the accumulator and the electric power demanded by the electric motor, a first switching element in the connection between the fuel cell system and a node point electrically connected with the accumulator and the electric motor, as well as a second switching element in the connection between the accumulator and this node point are opened or closed as needed. This is done such that the power requirement of the electric motor is met primarily from the fuel cell system, and in an auxiliary fashion, additionally from the accumulator.

Abstract: A method of operating an electric system of a motor vehicle, consisting of a fuel cell system, an accumulator and an electric driving motor is provided. Without implementing an electric voltage conversion and therefore without an electric voltage converter, as a function of the level of the electric voltage made available by the fuel cell system and by the accumulator and the electric power demanded by the electric motor, a first switching element in the connection between the fuel cell system and a node point electrically connected with the accumulator and the electric motor, as well as a second switching element in the connection between the accumulator and this node point are opened or closed as needed. This is done such that the power requirement of the electric motor is met primarily from the fuel cell system, and in an auxiliary fashion, additionally from the accumulator.

Abstract: A motor vehicle (KFZ) including an electric power source (EQ) for providing DC current, a converter (U) for converting the DC current into three-phase AC current of identical phase angle or polyphase current as a function of the vehicle operating state, and an electric machine (EM), to which the current provided by the converter is fed, is provided.

Abstract: Hybrid drive for a motor vehicle with a drive train, comprising a combustion engine and a vehicle transmission with variable gear ratio and a first and second electrical machine which can be operated both as a motor and a generator, each of which comprises a stator and a rotor with the second electrical machine being in a permanent nonpositive connection with an input of the vehicle transmission, with a shiftable clutch each being arranged between the electrical machines and the drive shaft of the combustion engine, and with the electrical machines to be connected with each other and/or an electrical energy source via an electronic control circuit. The two electrical machines are to be arranged in a common housing, and one of the stators of the electrical machines together with the electronic control circuit and/or the other stator is accommodated on a common carrier.

Abstract: A motor vehicle is provided with a capacitor device for storing electric energy. The capacitor device is specifically discharged by a short-circuiting switch, which is arranged in parallel to the terminal posts of the capacitor device, without any intermediary activity of a separate discharge resistor.

Abstract: A motor vehicle (KFZ) including an electric power source (EQ) for providing DC current, a converter (U) for converting the DC current into three-phase AC current of identical phase angle or polyphase current as a function of the vehicle operating state, and an electric machine (EM), to which the current provided by the converter is fed, is provided.

Abstract: A motor vehicle is provided with a capacitor device for storing electric energy. The capacitor device is specifically discharged by a short-circuiting switch, which is arranged in parallel to the terminal posts of the capacitor device, without any intermediary activity of a separate discharge resistor.

Abstract: In a power control system for motor vehicles with a plurality of power-converting elements as well as sensors for determining the efficiency of the individual elements, a processor determines the overall system efficiency from the efficiencies of the individual components, and calculates and adjusts a value for a parameter that influences the efficiency of at least one component to achieve an optimum total efficiency. Surplus power is used to charge an energy storage device. Preferably the parameters that influence the efficiency, whose values are adjusted to achieve an optimum total efficiency, are the power, or a parameter that is proportional to the power, that is to be delivered by a power-generating component, and/or the rpm or a parameter that is proportional to the rpm of a component.