Abstract: Method for the processing of animal excrements and liquid manure--called liquid materials--for the purpose of utilization of the ammonia contained in the liquid materials as a chemically bound non fugitive plant fertilizer, as well as the thermal disposal of the chemical unreactive, environmental hazardous ingredients of the liquid materials, respectively of the residues remaining from the processing like ammonia residues, methane gas or gaseous odorous compounds, for example of the skatole--or mercaptan type, wherein said the ammonia unbound and/or solubilized in the liquid materials is transformed into a non fugitive, easy resorbable nitrogen fertilizer for plants by adding carbon dioxide and gypsum to the liquid materials and using stable exhaust as preferred carbon dioxide source and the liquid materials are generally purified by the striping method from the odorous substances, ammonia residues or, from the stable exhaust originating methane by feeding in air or especially stable exhaust and which are com

Abstract: A process for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to amino compounds in the liquid phase using iron as reducing agent, which comprises carrying out the reduction continuously such that the reducing iron, based on the amount of nitro compound present in the reactor, is present in an amount substantially in excess of the stoichiometric amount, and effecting the continuous removal of the reaction products such that the substantial excess of reducing iron is also constantly present in the reactor during the reduction.

Abstract: A semi-continuous process for manufacturing aliphatic or aromatic amino compounds by reduction of the corresponding nitro compounds in an acid medium with iron which is etched with acids or salts is provided.