Abstract: A floor covering includes a plastics core, which has an upper side and a lower side, a functional layer and a reinforcement mat arranged on the upper side, and which has fibers and voids located therebetween, wherein the reinforcement mat is located between the upper side of the plastics core and the functional layer, the reinforcement mat and the functional layer constituting a preproduced unit, in which the reinforcement mat is fastened to the functional layer, wherein the plastics core is joined with the preproduced unit in such a way that the plastics core is joined with the fibers of the reinforcement mat and through the voids of the reinforcement mat with the functional layer such that the floor covering has a high degree of dimensional stability, and a method for producing the floor covering.

Abstract: An underlay mat (10) for floor coverings, includes a polyurethane layer (14), a self-adhesive film (20) on the topside of the polyurethane layer (14) and which includes a carrier film (12), a layer of adhesive (22) applied to carrier film (12), and a mesh structure (24) made of fibers which is embedded in the adhesive layer (22), and a removable protective film (26) on the topside of self-adhesive film (20).

Abstract: A method for producing a laminate (1), preferably for a floor covering, wherein the laminate (1) has a decorative layer and a wear layer made of polyurethane, includes the following steps: applying a first liquid polyurethane material (12) on a release layer (11) to form the wear layer, inserting a decorative sheet (14) into the first polyurethane material (12), applying a second liquid polyurethane material (17) on the decorative sheet (14), which is impregnated with the first polyurethane material (12) and with the second polyurethane material (17), supplying heat energy for curing the first polyurethane material (12) and the second polyurethane material (17), and separating the release layer (11) from the wear layer, wherein the heat energy is supplied to the first polyurethane material (12) and the second polyurethane material (17) from below through the release layer.

Abstract: An underlay mat (10) for floor coverings, includes a polyurethane layer (14), a self-adhesive film (20) on the topside of the polyurethane layer (14) and which includes a carrier film (12), a layer of adhesive (22) applied to carrier film (12), and a mesh structure (24) made of fibers which is embedded in the adhesive layer (22), and a removable protective film (26) on the topside of self-adhesive film (20).

Abstract: An underlay mat (10) for floor coverings, includes a polyurethane layer (14), a nonwoven backing (18) on the underside of polyurethane layer (14), a self-adhesive film (20) on the topside of the polyurethane layer (14) and which includes a carrier film (12), a layer of adhesive (22) applied to carrier film (12), and a mesh structure (24) made of fibers which is embedded in the adhesive layer (22), and a removable protective film (26) on the topside of self-adhesive film (20).

Abstract: A method for producing a laminate (1), preferably for a floor covering, wherein the laminate (1) has a decorative layer and a wear layer made of polyurethane, includes the following steps: applying a first liquid polyurethane material (12) on a release layer (11) to form the wear layer, inserting a decorative sheet (14) into the first polyurethane material (12), applying a second liquid polyurethane material (17) on the decorative sheet (14), which is impregnated with the first polyurethane material (12) and with the second polyurethane material (17), supplying heat energy for curing the first polyurethane material (12) and the second polyurethane material (17), and separating the release layer (11) from the wear layer, wherein the heat energy is supplied to the first polyurethane material (12) and the second polyurethane material (17) from below through the release layer.

Abstract: An underlay mat (10) for floor coverings, includes a polyurethane layer (14), a nonwoven backing (18) on the underside of polyurethane layer (14), a self-adhesive film (20) on the topside of the polyurethane layer (14) and which includes a carrier film (12), a layer of adhesive (22) applied to carrier film (12), and a mesh structure (24) made of fibers which is embedded in the adhesive layer (22), and a removable protective film (26) on the topside of self-adhesive film (20).

Abstract: The invention relates to a data carrier into which, by means of a laser beam, identifiers are introduced that are visible in the form of irreversible changes, caused by the laser beam, in the optical properties of the data carrier. According to the present invention, the data carrier comprises a laser-sensitive layer (20) that is opaque in the visible spectral range, and that is combined with a securing layer (22) that is metallized at least in a sub-area, the identifiers (30, 32) being introduced by the laser beam simultaneously and in perfect register into the laser-sensitive layer (20) and the metallized sub-area (24) of the securing layer (22).

Abstract: An actuation device and a method for actuating a clutch, in particular for a hybrid drive, include a master cylinder having an interior separated by a master piston into master and slave oil chambers. The slave oil chamber is connected, via a valve in a first valve position, to a tank line leading to an oil reservoir and in a second valve position, to a pressure line of the oil reservoir. The master oil chamber is connected via a working line to an oil chamber of a slave cylinder and to a compensating tank via a compensating line as a function of the position of the master piston. The compensating tank has a compensating volume which has, at its highest point, an overflow which is connected to the tank line and in its first position the valve connects the slave oil chamber to the compensating tank via a return line.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine drives, via a belt drive, a first and a second auxiliary unit embodied respectively as a water pump and an air-conditioning compressor and drives a starter-generator operating as a starter and as a generator depending on the operating mode. The belt drive is connected through a clutch element, which has a freewheel, to the internal combustion engine such that, when the internal combustion engine is at standstill, only the two auxiliary units, but not at the same time the internal combustion engine, are driven by the starter-generator. The clutch element which has a freewheel allows a stepless transition of the drive mode from the internal combustion engine to the starter-generator. In order to start the internal combustion engine, the clutch element is engaged only for a short time, so that the drive power of the starter-generator is transmitted to the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a data carrier into which, by a laser beam, identifiers (20, 22) are introduced in the form of patterns, letters, numbers and/or images that are visible due to local changes in the optical properties of the data carrier, effected by the laser beam and resulting from material transformations. According to the present invention, the data carrier comprises a laser-sensitive recording layer (26) that is transparent in the visible spectral range and that is provided with a surface relief in the form of a lens grid (28). The identifiers are introduced with the laser beam from different directions through the lens grid (28) into the recording layer (26) and are perceptible when later viewed from those same directions. The data carrier is transparent at least in the area of the introduced identifiers (20, 22).

Abstract: A method for controlling a drivetrain of a motor vehicle is provided. The drivetrain includes, as components, at least an internal combustion engine, an electric drive machine, a clutch and a transmission that can be connected to drive wheels. A control device initiates gear shifts at the transmission based on a wide variety of sensor signals by using a characteristic diagram. In order to ensure an excellent shift quality over long operating periods, a drive torque value MV of the internal combustion engine, which is determined by the control device, can be checked and if necessary corrected in dependence of given conditions by determining the drive torque value ME of the electric drive machine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a data carrier into which, by means of a laser beam, identifiers are introduced that are visible in the form of irreversible changes, caused by the laser beam, in the optical properties of the data carrier. According to the present invention, the data carrier comprises a laser-sensitive layer (20) that is opaque in the visible spectral range, and that is combined with a securing layer (22) that is metallized at least in a sub-area, the identifiers (30, 32) being introduced by the laser beam simultaneously and in perfect register into the laser-sensitive layer (20) and the metallized sub-area (24) of the securing layer (22).

Abstract: An actuation device and a method for actuating a clutch, in particular for a hybrid drive, include a master cylinder having an interior separated by a master piston into master and slave oil chambers. The slave oil chamber is connected, via a valve in a first valve position, to a tank line leading to an oil reservoir and in a second valve position, to a pressure line of the oil reservoir. The master oil chamber is connected via a working line to an oil chamber of a slave cylinder and to a compensating tank via a compensating line as a function of the position of the master piston. The compensating tank has a compensating volume which has, at its highest point, an overflow which is connected to the tank line and in its first position the valve connects the slave oil chamber to the compensating tank via a return line.

Abstract: A hydraulic circuit for a motor vehicle transmission, preferably a twin-clutch transmission, is connected for cooling at least one clutch of the transmission. The hydraulic circuit is preferably a low-pressure circuit and it includes at least one hydraulic pump, at least one filter element, for filtering the hydraulic oil, and at least one pressure-regulating valve. The circuit-related control sequence and the power consumption of the hydraulic pump are optimized in that at least one adjusting valve is provided in order to control the volume flow of cooling oil flowing to the clutch, in that a pressure-compensation valve is provided in addition, and in that the pressure-regulating valve, the adjusting valve and/or the pressure-compensation valve are arranged and/or formed within the hydraulic circuit such that the pressure difference between the supply pressure and the establishing cooling-oil pressure is essentially constant.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine drives, via a belt drive, a first and a second auxiliary unit embodied respectively as a water pump and an air-conditioning compressor and drives a starter-generator operating as a starter and as a generator depending on the operating mode. The belt drive is connected through a clutch element, which has a freewheel, to the internal combustion engine such that, when the internal combustion engine is at standstill, only the two auxiliary units, but not at the same time the internal combustion engine, are driven by the starter-generator. The clutch element which has a freewheel allows a stepless transition of the drive mode from the internal combustion engine to the starter-generator. In order to start the internal combustion engine, the clutch element is engaged only for a short time, so that the drive power of the starter-generator is transmitted to the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method for controlling a drivetrain of a motor vehicle is provided. The drivetrain includes, as components, at least an internal combustion engine, an electric drive machine, a clutch and a transmission that can be connected to drive wheels. A control device initiates gear shifts at the transmission based on a wide variety of sensor signals by using a characteristic diagram. In order to ensure an excellent shift quality over long operating periods, a drive torque value MV of the internal combustion engine, which is determined by the control device, can be checked and if necessary corrected in dependence of given conditions by determining the drive torque value ME of the electric drive machine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a multilayer security element having a metal layer (20) into which are introduced, by a laser beam, identifiers (16) in the form of patterns, letters, numbers and/or images, the metal layer (20) being disposed between two translucent coating layers (26, 28). The identifiers (16) in the metal layer (20) display a watermark effect in which they appear, when viewed in transmitted light, as a positive image, and when viewed in reflected light, as a negative image.

Abstract: The invention relates to a data carrier into which, by means of a laser beam, identifiers are introduced that are visible in the form of irreversible changes, caused by the laser beam, in the optical properties of the data carrier. According to the present invention, the data carrier comprises a laser-sensitive layer (20) that is opaque in the visible spectral range, and that is combined with a securing layer (22) that is metallized at least in a sub-area, the identifiers (30, 32) being introduced by the laser beam simultaneously and in perfect register into the laser-sensitive layer (20) and the metallized sub-area (24) of the securing layer (22).

Abstract: The invention relates to a data carrier into which, by a laser beam, identifiers (20, 22) are introduced in the form of patterns, letters, numbers and/or images that are visible due to local changes in the optical properties of the data carrier, effected by the laser beam and resulting from material transformations. According to the present invention, the data carrier comprises a laser-sensitive recording layer (26) that is transparent in the visible spectral range and that is provided with a surface relief in the form of a lens grid (28). The identifiers are introduced with the laser beam from different directions through the lens grid (28) into the recording layer (26) and are perceptible when later viewed from those same directions. The data carrier is transparent at least in the area of the introduced identifiers (20, 22).