Abstract: The present invention concerns a device for the production of hydrogen and solid carbon from C1 to C4-alkane-containing gas by means of thermal plasma, a process for the production of hydrogen and solid carbon from C1 to C4-alkane-containing gas by means of thermal plasma, and the use of a device in a process for the production of hydrogen and solid carbon from C1 to C4-alkane-containing gas by means of a process of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a device for the production of hydrogen and solid carbon from C1 to C4-alkane-containing gas by means of thermal plasma, a process for the production of hydrogen and solid carbon from C1 to C4-alkane-containing gas by means of thermal plasma, and the use of a device in a process for the production of hydrogen and solid carbon from C1 to C4-alkane-containing gas by means of a process of the invention.

Abstract: An apparatus for chlor-alkali electrolysis, comprising a cathode half-cell, an oxygen-consuming electrode arranged therein, a conduit for supply of gaseous oxygen to the cathode half-cell and a conduit for purging the cathode half-cell with inert gas, enables the flexible use of power by a method in which chlorine is produced in the apparatus by chlor-alkali electrolysis, wherein, when power supply is low, the oxygen-consuming electrode is supplied with gaseous oxygen, and oxygen is reduced at the oxygen-consuming electrode at a first cell voltage, and when power supply is high, the oxygen-consuming electrode is not supplied with any oxygen, and hydrogen is generated at the cathode at a second cell voltage which is higher than the first cell voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing aqueous colloidal silica sols of high purity from silicate solutions, to aqueous colloidal silica sols with a specific profile of impurities, and to the use thereof. The invention further encompasses high-purity aqueous silica obtained as an intermediate in the course of the purification process, high-purity silicon dioxide obtainable by dewatering, and the use thereof.

Abstract: A method for providing control power for an electricity network in which at least one energy store connected to the electricity network supplies energy to the electricity network as required and/or takes up energy from the electricity network as required, the control power being delivered in dependence on a frequency deviation from a setpoint value of a network frequency, tolerance with respect to the amount of the control power to be provided being used to set a charging state of the energy store at a same time as providing control power by the energy store. A device for carrying out such a method includes a control system and an energy store, the device being connected or connectable to an electricity network, the control system being connected to the energy store and controlling control power given off and/or taken up by the energy store.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for providing control power to stabilize an AC electrical grid, comprising an energy store which can take up and emit electrical energy, wherein for the purpose of providing the control power, the energy store is used together with a differential power provider, wherein the AC electrical grid operates at a predefined frequency and a frequency band around the predefined frequency is defined and the control power to be provided in the case of a frequency deviation within the frequency band is provided by the energy store to the extent of more than 50%, relative to the total control power to be provided.

Abstract: A method providing control power for an electricity network in which at least one energy store supplies energy to the electricity network and/or takes up energy from the electricity network dependent on a frequency deviation from a desired frequency of the electricity network, a deadband being prescribed around the desired frequency. The frequency deviation from the network frequency is measured with greater accuracy than a width of the deadband and a bandwidth within the deadband is chosen dependent on a charging state of the energy store, with control power being provided outside the bandwidth. A device carrying out the method includes at least one energy store and a control system controlling control power of the energy store in an open-loop or closed-loop manner, the energy store being connected to an electricity network such that energy can be fed into the electricity network and can be removed from the electricity network.

Abstract: A method for providing control power for an electricity network in which at least one energy store connected to the electricity network supplies energy to the electricity network as required and/or takes up energy from the electricity network as required, the control power being delivered in dependence on a frequency deviation from a setpoint value of a network frequency, a tolerance with respect to the frequency deviation being used to set a charging state of the energy store at a same time as providing the control power by the energy store. A device for carrying out such a method includes a control system and an energy store, the device being connected or connectable to an electricity network, the control system being connected to the energy store and controlling the control power that is given off and/or taken up by the energy store.

Abstract: In an apparatus, comprising a plant for the electrothermic preparation of ethyne from coal or a hydrocarbon-containing gas providing a hydrogen-containing gas, a plant for the production of iron by reduction of oxidic iron ores, and at least one gas conduit which feeds the hydrogen-containing gas from the plant for the electrothermic preparation of ethyne as reducing agent to the plant for the production of iron by reduction of oxidic iron ores, electric energy can be utilized for the production of iron from oxidic iron ores by feeding a hydrogen-containing gas, obtained in the electrothermic preparation of ethyne from coal or a hydrocarbon-containing gas, as reducing agent to the plant for the production of iron by reduction of oxidic iron ores.

Abstract: An electrolysis cell for chlor-alkali electrolysis, having an anode half-cell, a cathode half-cell and a cation exchange membrane that separates the anode half-cell and the cathode half-cell from one another, an anode arranged in the anode half-cell for evolution of chlorine, an oxygen-consuming electrode arranged in the cathode half-cell as the cathode, a catholyte space which is formed between the cation exchange membrane and the oxygen-consuming cathode, and through which electrolyte flows, a gas space adjoining the oxygen-consuming electrode at a surface facing away from the catholyte space, a conduit for supply of gaseous oxygen to this gas space, a second cathode for generation of hydrogen arranged within the catholyte space and at least one conduit for purging of the gas space with inert gas, enables flexible use of power in a method in which, when power supply is low, the oxygen-consuming electrode is supplied with gaseous oxygen and oxygen is reduced at the oxygen-consuming electrode at a first cell

Abstract: An apparatus for chlor-alkali electrolysis, comprising a cathode half-cell, an oxygen-consuming electrode arranged therein, a conduit for supply of gaseous oxygen to the cathode half-cell and a conduit for purging the cathode half-cell with inert gas, enables the flexible use of power by a method in which chlorine is produced in the apparatus by chlor-alkali electrolysis, wherein, when power supply is low, the oxygen-consuming electrode is supplied with gaseous oxygen, and oxygen is reduced at the oxygen-consuming electrode at a first cell voltage, and when power supply is high, the oxygen-consuming electrode is not supplied with any oxygen, and hydrogen is generated at the cathode at a second cell voltage which is higher than the first cell voltage.

Abstract: A plant having a first device for the preparation of ethyne by partial oxidation of at least one hydrocarbon, generating a first ethyne-containing product gas stream, having a second device for the electrothermal preparation of ethyne, generating a second ethyne-containing product gas stream, and having a separating device for separating ethyne from a gas stream, to which both the first and the second product gas streams are fed, can make efficient use of excess electrical energy by operating the device for the electrothermal preparation of ethyne with excess electrical energy.

Abstract: In a plant comprising a first apparatus for the electrochemical or electrothermal production of hydrogen, which produces a first hydrogen stream; a second apparatus for producing hydrogen from a hydrocarbon by steam reforming, partial oxidation or dehydrogenation, which produces a second hydrogen stream; a hydrogen conduit or a hydrogen consumer to which both the first hydrogen stream and the second hydrogen stream are fed; and a control device which matches the production of hydrogen in the first apparatus and in the second apparatus in such a way that the total amount of first hydrogen stream and second hydrogen stream corresponds to a predetermined value, excess electric energy can be efficiently utilized by operating the apparatus for the electrochemical or electrothermal production of hydrogen with excess electric energy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated plant which comprises a plant for the electrothermic production of hydrogen cyanide and a separating device for separating hydrogen cyanide from the reaction mixture of the electrothermic production of hydrogen cyanide while obtaining at least one stream of gas containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons, the integrated plant having a device for introducing a gas into a natural gas network, to which device a stream of gas containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons is fed from the separating device via at least one conduit. This integrated plant affords flexible use of electricity by a method in which a stream of gas, containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons, is fed into a natural gas network from the separating device and the amount and/or the composition of the stream of gas fed into the natural gas network is changed in dependence on the electricity supply.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated plant which comprises a plant for the electrothermic production of hydrogen cyanide and a plant for electricity generation, the plant for the electrothermic production of hydrogen cyanide being connected to the plant for electricity generation via a conduit and electricity being generated in the plant for electricity generation from a product gas obtained in the plant for the electrothermic production of hydrogen cyanide. This integrated plant affords flexible use of electricity by a method in which, at times of a high electricity supply, the plant for the electrothermic production of hydrogen cyanide is operated and at least some of the hydrogen and/or gaseous hydrocarbons obtained in addition to hydrogen cyanide is stored and, at times of a low electricity supply, stored hydrogen and/or gaseous hydrocarbons are fed to the plant for electricity generation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated plant which comprises a plant for the electrothermic production of ethyne and a plant for electricity generation, the plant for the electrothermic production of ethyne being connected to the plant for electricity generation via a conduit and electricity being generated in the plant for electricity generation from a product gas obtained in the plant for the electrothermic production of ethyne. This integrated plant affords flexible use of electricity by a method in which, at times of a high electricity supply, the plant for the electrothermic production of ethyne is operated and at least some of the hydrogen and/or gaseous hydrocarbons obtained in addition to ethyne is stored and, at times of a low electricity supply, stored hydrogen and/or gaseous hydrocarbons are fed to the plant for electricity generation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated plant which comprises a plant for the electrothermic production of ethyne and a separating device for separating ethyne from the reaction mixture of the electrothermic production of ethyne while obtaining at least one stream of gas containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons, the integrated plant having a device for introducing a gas into a natural gas network, to which device a stream of gas containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons is fed from the separating device via at least one conduit. This integrated plant affords flexible use of electricity by a method in which a stream of gas, containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons, is fed into a natural gas network from the separating device and the amount and/or the composition of the stream of gas fed into the natural gas network is changed in dependence on the electricity supply.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for limiting the load of electricity transmission networks, comprising the generation of heat by operating an apparatus for the oxidation of a hydrocarbon-containing gas, in which alternatively a required provision of heat from the oxidation of the hydrocarbon-containing gas is substituted by the provision of heat from electrical energy with an apparatus for providing heat by using electrical power and the hydrocarbon-containing gas that is not oxidized is provided. A facility for carrying out the present method is also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a hydrocarbon-containing gas, comprising the generation of heat by operating an apparatus for the oxidation of a hydrocarbon-containing gas, characterized in that alternatively a required provision of heat from the oxidation of the hydrocarbon-containing gas is substituted by the provision of heat from electrical energy with an apparatus for providing heat by using electrical power and the hydrocarbon-containing gas that is not oxidized is provided. A facility for carrying out the present method is also described.

Abstract: Composite materials are provided that include an open-cell polymer foam matrix including one or more polymers and, embedded into the polymer foam matrix, granules or shapes which have an open porosity.