Abstract: A method of determining one or more characteristic values for an environment automatically trafficable by vehicles comprises the steps: providing a spatially resolving, electronically usable representation of the environment; providing parameters that describe properties of vehicles and of the traffic in the environment; simulating the traffic in the environment with reference to the electronically usable representation of the environment and with reference to the parameters provided; in the simulation, detecting and counting events of interest, detecting and counting events of interest, determining the characteristic values with reference to the counter result, and outputting and/or storing the characteristic value.

Abstract: A method of determining one or more characteristic values for an environment automatically trafficable by vehicles comprises the steps: providing a spatially resolving, electronically usable representation of the environment; providing parameters that describe properties of vehicles and of the traffic in the environment; simulating the traffic in the environment with reference to the electronically usable representation of the environment and with reference to the parameters provided; in the simulation, detecting and counting events of interest, detecting and counting events of interest, determining the characteristic values with reference to the counter result, and outputting and/or storing the characteristic value.

Abstract: An optoelectronic sensor and method for detecting an object in a three-dimensional monitored region uses a plurality of video sensors. Each sensor has a multiplicity of light-receiving elements that are configured to take a pixel picture of the monitored space, and a control unit identifies an object in the monitored space from video data of the pixel picture. Each video sensor has at least one pixel line that is formed by light-receiving elements. The video sensors are spaced from each other so that each sensor monitors an associated plane of the monitored space.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a safety switching device for a hazardous area defined by motor-driven components, the device being switchable into at least two control stages, wherein in a first control stage at least some of the motor-driven components can be switched into a state of reduced risk potential and in at least one second control stage at least some of the motor-driven components can be shut off, and wherein the safety switching device comprises an apparatus for determining the position of the safety switching device inside the hazardous area.

Abstract: An optoelectronic sensor and method for detecting an object in a three-dimensional monitored region uses a plurality of video sensors. Each sensor has a multiplicity of light-receiving elements that are configured to take a pixel picture of the monitored space, and a control unit identifies an object in the monitored space from video data of the pixel picture. Each video sensor has at least one pixel line that is formed by light-receiving elements. The video sensors are spaced from each other so that each sensor monitors an associated plane of the monitored space.

Abstract: The invention relates to a safety switching device for a hazardous area defined by motor-driven components, the device being switchable into at least two control stages, wherein in a first control stage at least some of the motor-driven components can be switched into a state of reduced risk potential and in at least one second control stage at least some of the motor-driven components can be shut off, and wherein the safety switching device comprises an apparatus for determining the position of the safety switching device inside the hazardous area.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the detection of an object moving in the monitored region of a camera, wherein measured values are compared with reference values and an object detection reaction is triggered when the measured value deviates in a predetermined manner from the reference value. In this respect, both the measured values and the reference values are derived from differences which exist between at least two different image regions.

Abstract: A protective device working in a contact-free manner for the securing of a danger zone of a machine or the like comprises an optical evaluation field and a control and evaluation device which allows, in addition to a securing operation, in which a warning or machine stop signal is generated as a result of a respective intrusion into the evaluation field, a cyclical operation in which a release signal is generated as a result of at least one respective intrusion into the evaluation field in order to release a respective machine cycle, with one and the same evaluation field being provided for securing operation and for cyclical operation and with the control and evaluation device being designed such that only a part of the evaluation field is monitored accordingly both for securing operation and cyclical operation.

Abstract: A method and a sensor for the securing of a hazardous zone of a moving tool having a point of attack is disclosed. A monitored zone with a boundary surface is monitored whose cross-section extends along an arc of a circle or beyond it, wherein the center of the arc of a circle is arranged spaced apart from the point of attack of the tool in the direction of movement of the tool, and wherein the arc of a circle has a radius which is at least so large that the boundary surface of the monitored region extends—at least on the operator side—up to the point of attack of the tool or radially beyond the boundary surface.

Abstract: A method and a sensor for the securing of a hazardous zone of a moving tool having a point of attack is disclosed. A monitored zone with a boundary surface is monitored whose cross-section extends along an arc of a circle or beyond it, wherein the center of the arc of a circle is arranged spaced apart from the point of attack of the tool in the direction of movement of the tool, and wherein the arc of a circle has a radius which is at least so large that the boundary surface of the monitored region extends—at least on the operator side—up to the point of attack of the tool or radially beyond the boundary surface.

Abstract: An opto-electronic apparatus for the monitoring of a protection area which has at least one protection device, which works in a non-contact manner, is described. The protection device, which works in a non-contact manner, has an evaluation unit for the generation of an object detection signal on the intrusion of an object into the protection area. An image detection unit is coupled to the protection device, which works in a non-contact manner, for the detection of an areal or spatial image detection area, with a secondary monitoring area disposed close to the protection area, but outside the protection area, being detected by the image detection unit. The protection device, which works in a non-contact manner, is controllable by the image detection unit.

Abstract: A protective device working in a contact free manner for the securing of a danger zone of a machine or the like comprises an optical evaluation field and a control and evaluation device which allows, in addition to a securing operation, in which a warning or machine stop signal is generated as a result of a respective intrusion into the evaluation field, a cyclical operation in which a release signal is generated as a result of at least one respective intrusion into the evaluation field in order to release a respective machine cycle, with one and the same evaluation field being provided for securing operation and for cyclical operation and with the control and evaluation device being designed such that only a part of the evaluation field is monitored accordingly both for securing operation and cyclical operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a sensor for the securing of a hazardous zone of a moving tool having a point of attack. A monitored zone with a boundary surface is monitored whose cross-section extends along an arc of a circle or beyond it, wherein the center of the arc of a circle is arranged spaced apart from the point of attack of the tool in the direction of movement of the tool, and wherein the arc of a circle has a radius which is at least so large that the boundary surface of the monitored region extends—at least on the operator side—up to the point of attack of the tool or radially beyond it.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for the detection of an object moving in the monitored region of a camera, wherein measured values are compared with reference values and an object detection reaction is triggered when the measured value deviates in a pre-determined manner from the reference value. In this respect, both the measured values and the reference values are derived from differences which exist between at least two different image regions.

Abstract: An opto-electronic apparatus for the monitoring of a protection area comprising at least one protection device, which works in a non-contact manner, is described. The protection device, which works in a non-contact manner, comprises an evaluation unit for the generation of an object detection signal on the intrusion of an object into the protection area. An image detection unit is coupled to the protection device, which works in a non-contact manner, for the detection of an areal or spatial image detection area, with a secondary monitoring area disposed close to the protection area, but outside the protection area, being detected by said image detection unit. The protection device, which works in a non-contact manner, is controllable by the image detection unit.

Abstract: An object identification system comprises a transceiver (1) and a transponder (30) including memories (33,34) for storing an identification code identifying the transponder. Circuits (35, 36, 37, 38) generate an identification signal representative of the identification code such that the identification signal is modulated by bits of the identification code. Circuits (8, 9, 10, 11, 12) of the transceiver receive and interpret the identification signal. The transponder includes a variable code generator (32) and a controller (31) for controlling the writing of the variable code into memory (33) so that the variable code constitutes part of the identification code. The variable code may be a random or pseudo-random code.

Abstract: A remote control for a locking device, especially in a motor vehicle, including a control or operating unit for the transmitting of key words to the evaluating circuit of a reading unit fora comparison with key words which are stored therein. The remote control arrangements are equipped with counters for the call-up in a system-time controlled manner of the key words which are stored in the control and reading units.