Abstract: A reference device for evaluating the performance of a confocal laser scan microscope. The reference device comprises a substrate (53) and reference fluorescing matter distributed over a surface of the substrate (53). The reference fluorescing matter has a predetermined spatial distribution over the latter surface.

Abstract: A quality test of fluids of biological origin can be performed optically with applying a suitable evaluation method. In case of two components to be determined in a such fluid, an extinction spectrum is approximated in a first wavelength range by a combination of a merely theoretical curve and the spectrum of the pure first substance in a first wavelength range, and this evaluation is repeated in a second wavelength range this time by approximating the measured spectrum (62) by a combination of a hypothetical curve, the spectrum (64) of the first component with the already determined concentration, and the spectrum (65) of the pure second component. Furthermore, it is feasible to subtract the first and second spectrum and analyze the so obtained differential spectrum (66) in view of anomalies. The hypothetical curves are preferably straight lines which are defined by slope and ordinate section.

Abstract: A reference device for evaluating the performance of a confocal laser scan microscope. The reference device comprises a substrate (53) and reference fluorescing matter distributed over a surface of the substrate (53). The reference fluorescing matter has a predetermined spatial distribution over the latter surface.

Abstract: A multifunctional holding plate for use in an analog wristwatch movement with a calendar date ring, a day of the week disc, an engageable time setting pinion and various gear members. The multifunctional holding plate is attached to the movement frame and has (1) retaining fingers to hold the gear members and date ring in place, (2) a flexible detenting spring leg to detent the date ring, (3) a flexible retaining leg to facilitate engagement of the timesetting pinion, and (4) a flexible detenting spring leg to detent the day disc.

Abstract: In an arrangement for limiting the axial play of gears of a watch time indicating mechanism with drive gears rotatably supported on a support plate with axis extending normal thereto and an adjustment shaft extending parallel to the support plate, a cover plate is mounted on the support plate so as to overlay the gears with arms engaging the gears and further is provided with an arm bent-over into engagement with the adjustment shaft to limit their axial play. The cover plate is U-shaped and has edge portions thereof resiliently received under projections of the support plate for firmly retaining the cover plate on the support plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for improving the magnetic properties, especially the remanent magnetization, of gamma-iron(III) oxide which can be used advantageously as the magnetic component in magnetic recording media exhibiting reduced print-through. For this purpose, a gamma-iron(III) oxide manufactured according to known processes is heated at temperatures of from 400.degree. to 700.degree. C., the magnetic pigment having basic compounds on the crystal surface during this heat treatment and retaining a pH value above 8 until heating is over. Gamma-iron(III) oxide magnetic pigments treated in this way are particularly suitable for the manufacture of low-noise magnetic recording media with high remanent magnetization and particularly low print-through.

Abstract: This invention concerns methods and devices for switching a tape-recorder or cassette tape-recorder and especially recorders on which tapes with different magnetic coatings can be used. According to the invention, at least one section along the magnetic tape which has a much higher electric resistance than the magnetic coating is used in conjunction with arrangements of simple layout and in advantageous manner to monitor the resistance of the tape either continuously or sporadically, and at least one predetermined switching state of the recorder is allocated to each different resistance value. This ensures reliable switching of any such states as "machine on", "machine off" or "iron oxide (chromium dioxide) tape" bias, without any other special changes at the magnetic tape or at the cassette.

Abstract: Yeast or yeast saturated with vegetable oil is incorporated into batter, breading and meat-filler flour-based products resulting in improved physical, organoleptical and functional properties of said products.

Abstract: Yeast or a mixture of yeast and soy protein containing material is incorporated into pasta formulations resulting in pasta products having high protein and nutritional value with improved taste, texture and cooking properties.

Abstract: Guide elements for magnetic tapes wound or to be wound in the form of packs on flangeless spools, the guide elements being movable in the plane of rotation of the packs. At least part of the guide elements is located between the pack and the outermost winding and thus constantly guides the tape as it is wound or unwound, resulting in optimal tape guidance and consequently in a stable and accurate winding on the spool.