Abstract: A process for depositing an electrically conductive, preferably perovskitic layer uses a pulsed sputtering process. The layer has a low diffusivity for the elements in the iron group and is especially suitable for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). An assembly of the electrically conductive ceramic layer on a porous support substrate is also provided.

Abstract: An arc evaporation coating source includes a target made of a coating material to be vapor-deposited, a ferromagnetic yoke for influencing the vapor deposition of the coating material to be vapor-deposited and at least one permanent-magnetic body for influencing the vapor deposition of the coating material to be vapor-deposited. The ferromagnetic yoke is disposed in contact with the target. The permanent-magnetic body is fastened to the target by the ferromagnetic yoke.

Abstract: A process for depositing an electrically conductive, preferably perovskitic layer uses a pulsed sputtering process. The layer has a low diffusivity for the elements in the iron group and is especially suitable for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). An assembly of the electrically conductive ceramic layer on a porous support substrate is also provided.

Abstract: A coating source for physical vapor deposition has at least one component, which has been produced from at least one pulverulent starting material in a powder metallurgy production process and at least one ferromagnetic region embedded in the component. The at least one ferromagnetic region, is introduced into the component and fixedly connected to the component during the powder metallurgy production process.

Abstract: An electrically conductive ceramic layer is deposited on a porous body. The porous body is formed of sintered Fe-based alloy grains and has a density of 40 to 70% of its theoretical density. The electrically conductive deposition layer preferably has a perovskitic structure and it is formed by a pulsed sputtering process. The layer has a low diffusivity for the elements in the iron group and is especially suitable for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC).

Abstract: A process for depositing an electrically conductive, preferably perovskitic layer uses a pulsed sputtering process. The layer has a low diffusivity for the elements in the iron group and is especially suitable for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). An assembly of the electrically conductive ceramic layer on a porous support substrate is also provided.

Abstract: A freezer includes a refrigeration surface that can be frozen, such as an evaporator surface, a heating device for heating the refrigeration surface, and a control circuit for controlling the operation of the heating device in accordance with a timer. The control circuit is configured to block the operation of the heating device for a time period that is defined by the timer. The timer is used to ensure that the refrigeration surface is only heated to defrost the freezer, if the refrigeration power requirement of the latter is low.

Abstract: A refrigeration device including a thermally-insulated housing enclosing an inner chamber to be cooled and an evaporator for cooling the chamber. The evaporator is arranged in an air passage communicating with the chamber through openings in a wall separating the evaporator from the chamber. A control device controls a heating device to heating the evaporator to defrost the evaporator. The air flow through the air passage is measured by a measuring device arranged in the air passage or opening to provide a signal representative of the air flow. When the measured air flow falls below a threshold value, the control device operates the heating device to defrost the evaporator.

Abstract: A refrigeration device including a method and apparatus for defroster heating. The defroster heating, such as supplied by an integrated defroster heater, includes a recording circuit for recording a voltage value of the supply voltage to the defroster heater. The recording circuit also generates a keyed control signal with a repetition rate dependent upon the recorded voltage value. The keyed control signal operates an interrupter for the supply power of the defroster heater. The repetition rate is set with relation to the recorded voltage value to limit power variations of the defroster heater caused by supply voltage variations.

Abstract: A refrigeration device with a thermally-insulating housing enclosing a cooling chamber and an evaporator separated form the cooling chamber. Two temperature sensors are placed in the vicinity of the evaporator to sense the layer of ice, which can form during operation. The temperature sensors are placed such that only one is embedded in the ice layer for a given thickness of the ice layer. A monitoring circuit is coupled to the temperature sensors to measure the temperature difference sensed by the temperature sensors. The monitoring circuit determines from the temperature difference if a defrosting of the evaporator is necessary. The monitoring circuit provides a signal for the determination, which can be used in an automatic defrosting process.

Abstract: A freezer includes a refrigeration surface that can be frozen, such as an evaporator surface, a heating device for heating the refrigeration surface, and a control circuit for controlling the operation of the heating device in accordance with a timer. The control circuit is configured to block the operation of the heating device for a time period that is defined by the timer. The timer is used to ensure that the refrigeration surface is only heated to defrost the freezer, if the refrigeration power requirement of the latter is low.

Abstract: A dual mode SAW filter is provided with improved symmetry and/or blocking attenuation by selecting the structure in one-track, two-track embodiment and with potentially split track, in which first transducers and second transducers, these as input transducers and/or output transducers and/or coupling transducers (given a multi-track embodiment), always have an even-numbered plurality of fingers and are point-symmetrical.

Abstract: A dual-mode surface acoustic wave filter that can optionally be operated balanced or unbalanced, having tracks which are coupled to one another via coupling converters. The filter has interdigital converters for each track which are disposed within reflectors and act as input and output converters. The impedance of the input and/or output converters of the filter is determined by omission or overlap weighting and/or by splitting the input and output converters into a plurality of individual converters. At least some of the individual converters are connected in series, for each acoustic track.

Abstract: A circuit configuration operates an electrically triggerable magnet valve having a valve-control element adjustable into at least two working positions for selecting one fluid-flow path at a time to be acted upon by a fluid and corresponding to a respective working position. The circuit configuration includes a device for adjusting the valve-control element into a different working position in connection with an imposition of fluid, predominantly present in liquid components, on at least a portion of a fluid-flow path formed by the magnet valve. A refrigeration appliance, in particular a refrigerator or freezer or a combination refrigerator-freezer includes the circuit configuration.

Abstract: Surface wave filter for asymmetrical/symmetrical and symmetrical/symmetrical operating mode, with interdigital output transformers (IDT2, IDT4) connected in series.

Abstract: In a circuit configuration and a method for triggering at least one electrically triggerable magnet with a suitably targeted triggering power, the magnet switches a switching element into a desired switching position in which the switching element is retained. After the switchover of the switching element by the magnet into the desired switching position, the magnet is at least briefly repeatedly acted upon at predetermined time intervals with a triggering power corresponding to a desired switching position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process comprising the cooling and comminuting of molten calcium carbide, wherein a molten stream of calcium carbide is tapped off from a furnace at 1900.degree. to 2100.degree. C., cooled and comminuted. More particularly, the molten calcium carbide is initially comminuted into droplets and the droplets are cooled to less than 200.degree. C. The process can be carried out with the aid of an apparatus comprised of a heatable or coolable feed duct, a nozzle for comminuting the molten stream, and a series of fluidized bed cooling zones.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process for the manufacture of desulfurizing agents containing 1-6 weight % chemically combined water, based on calcium oxide and carbon-containing calcium carbide, for crude iron and steel melts. More particularly, the disclosure provides for a molten mixture of calcium carbide and calcium oxide containing 20 to 80 weight % CaO to be made from lime and coke; for the mixture to be allowed to cool and solidify into a block; for the solidified block while it still has an average temperature of more than 400.degree. C. to be crushed to particles with a size of less than 150 mm; for the comminuted mixture, which still has a temperature of at least 400.degree. C.

Abstract: The disclosure provides mixtures for the desulfurization of metal melts, especially steel and crude iron melts, based on CaC.sub.2 --CaO-crystal blends produced in the fused mass. More specifically, the mixtures contain free carbon and carbonate and have a portion of the CaO in the CaC.sub.2 --CaO-crystal blend hydrated to Ca(OH).sub.2. The disclosure also relates to a process for making the mixtures.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for making calcium carbide by reacting an excess of coke with quicklime in the presence of oxygen in an oxygen-thermal furnace. To this end, the invention provides for precrushed coal to be used as starting material for coke and precrushed lime hydrate (Ca(OH).sub.2) or precrushed limestone (CaCO.sub.3) to be used as a starting material for quicklime. The precrushed materials are mixed and the resulting mixture is introduced into a drying zone and freed therein at 80.degree. to 120.degree. C. from adhering water. Next, the warm mixture coming from the drying zone, and air, are introduced into a calcining apparatus in which the coal constituent is coked and the lime constituent is simultaneously dehydrated or decarbonized, at temperatures of 900.degree. to 1400.degree. C. The thermally-pretreated mixture of starting materials with an inherent temperature of 900.degree. to 1000.degree. C.